About the Experimental and Virtual Analysis of Orthopedic Implant Systems for the Revision of the Hip Prosthesis with Morcellated Bone Graft and Reconstruction Net.

INTRODUCTION: Prosthesis loosening is an alteration of the function and position of a total hip prosthesis with reference to the initial surgical moment. The main mechanism unanimously accepted for aseptic prosthetic losses at the level of the cup is represented by the biological mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Experimental and virtual, interdisciplinary tools, techniques and methods were used to determine the behavior of the hip replacement prosthesis with the morcellated graft and the reconstruction net. Performing an orthopedic assembly with a morcellated bone graft and reconstruction net. An assembly was performed on a hip joint taken from an animal (cow). The biological material and the components of the prosthesis were prepared similarly to the revision prosthesis intervention. Experimental testing of orthopedic assembly with morcellated bone graft and reconstruction net. This assembly was tested on a universal machine to determine the maximum force at which it yields. This was 1790 Kgf, i.e. 17559 N. Virtual experimental testing of the hip joint with orthopedic revision assembly with a morcellated bone graft and reconstruction net for normal gait loading. The orthopedic assembly with the morcellated graft and the reconstruction net was reconstructed in the virtual environment. Normal load was used. Results maps were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing the results from the two tests, experimental and virtual, and important conclusions were drawn regarding this orthopedic assembly.

Immunoexpression of Ki67, p53 and cyclin D1 in osteosarcomas.

The main malignant tumor of the bone tissue is represented by osteosarcoma, neoplasia with a reserved prognosis and an unpredictable evolution, often aggressive. Cell cycle disruption is one of the complex biomolecular mechanisms involved in the progression of osteosarcomas. In this study, we analyzed the immunoexpression of Ki67, p53 and cyclin D1 for 18 primitive osteosarcomas in relation to the clinicopathological prognosis parameters of the lesions. The results indicated the predominance of lesions in male young patients, with femoral location, most tumors being represented by the osteoblastic type, with high grade, size <8 cm and in advanced stages. Reactions were present in all cases, the high immunoexpression being associated with osteoblastic∕epithelioid types (Ki67, cyclin D1, p53), high grade (Ki67, cyclin D1) and advanced stage (Ki67, cyclin D1). The study revealed a positive linear relation of the investigated immunomarkers expression, which indicates their usefulness in identifying lesions with aggressive progression potential.

Criterion validity of ultrasound in the identification of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposits at the knee: an OMERACT ultrasound study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the discriminatory ability of ultrasound in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), using microscopic analysis of menisci and knee hyaline cartilage (HC) as reference standard. METHODS: Consecutive patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery, due to osteoarthritis (OA), were enrolled. Each patient underwent ultrasound examination of the menisci and HC of the knee, scoring each site for presence/absence of CPPD. Ultrasound signs of inflammation (effusion, synovial proliferation and power Doppler) were assessed semiquantitatively (0-3). The menisci and condyles, retrieved during surgery, were examined microscopically by optical light microscopy and by compensated polarised microscopy. CPPs were scored as present/absent in six different samples from the surface and from the internal part of menisci and cartilage. Ultrasound and microscopic analysis were performed by different operators, blinded to each other's findings. RESULTS: 11 researchers from seven countries participated in the study. Of 101 enrolled patients, 68 were included in the analysis. In 38 patients, the surgical specimens were insufficient. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for CPPD was of 75%-sensitivity of 91% (range 71%-87% in single sites) and specificity of 59% (range 68%-92%). The best sensitivity and specificity were obtained by assessing in combination by ultrasound the medial meniscus and the medial condyle HC (88% and 76%, respectively). No differences were found between patients with and without CPPD regarding ultrasound signs of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound demonstrated to be an accurate tool for discriminating CPPD. No differences were found between patents with OA alone and CPPD plus OA regarding inflammation.

New technical procedure involving Achilles tendon rupture treatment through transcutaneous suture.

The Achilles tendon is the widest tendon of the human body. Achilles tendon belongs to the extrasynovial tendons group and this allows it a faster recovery, thanks to local hematoma from the peritenon, necessary for the scarification. We concluded that in Achilles tendon rupture treatment it is essential to maintain the tendon covering skin integrity, the peritendinous integrity, to maintain the local hematoma formed during and after tendon rupture, reattaching the ruptured tendon heads and maintain them in this position by suturing them and by relaxing the sural triceps muscle. The percutaneous suture requires five pairs of mirror micro-incisions (5 mm) on one side and the other of the tendon. It is necessary for one of the pairs to be placed to the rupture level. With a surgical needle, we arm the proximal and distal heads of the tendon by different threads. By traction and muscular relaxation, we bring in contact the two ruptured heads and then we knot together the arming threads. The inferior member was cast immobilized in relaxing position for the sural triceps muscle for a 45 days period. Using this technique, we have operated 15 cases in our Clinic. In all the cases, we obtained a healing by first intention of the tegument micro-incisions. After the cast immobilization suppression, during 30 days the patients were in a recovery program. At the end of this program, they have recovered completely the dorsal and plantar flexion and the walking. In four months after the surgery, the esthetic of the area is completely restored, this technique being the only surgical technique that realizes this recovery.

Macrophage response in patients diagnosed with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head presenting different risk factors.

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a condition caused by partial or total interruption of blood supply to the femoral head. The diminished blood supply causes necrosis of the cellular elements and of the bone marrow, followed by the collapse of the bone structure, events that ultimately lead to the destruction of the bone tissue, the appearance of local pain and loss of function in the affected coxofemoral joint. The importance of this condition is that it mainly affects young adults aged 30-50 years, active from a socio-professional standpoint, and increased life expectancy. The material studied to achieve CD68 immunostaining was represented by bone fragments from the area of necrosis and from the adjacent areas of the femoral heads, harvested from 39 patients when performing hip arthroplasty surgery. The patients were diagnosed with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and hospitalized in the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania, from June 2014 to January 2015. The 39 patients included in the study were divided into four categories according to presented risk factors (alcohol, alcohol and smoking, trauma, corticosteroids). All the 39 cases had positive immunostaining for CD68, macrophage being highlighted both in the area of necrosis and in the adjacent areas. We noted significant differences in the number and arrangement of macrophages in patients presenting different risk factors. The highest number of macrophages was present in patients presenting a risk factor corticosteroids, and the lowest number of macrophages was found in patients who had trauma as the main risk factor.

Imaging and histopathological aspects in aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Aseptic osteonecrosis causes various clinical manifestations, depending on its location, but has in common a histopathological and radiological substrate. Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a condition whose pathogenesis remains unclear despite many theories developed so far, and the discovery of numerous risk factors. The objective of this study is to emphasize the role of imaging techniques and correlating histology and immunohistochemistry methods in order to more accurately stage the disease. This retrospective study was performed on a total of 103 patients with clinical and radiological suspicion of unilateral or bilateral osteonecrosis. For the diagnosis criteria, we used clinical information, pelvic X-ray images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). For the inclusion of patients in a disease stage, we used the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification system. For patients diagnosed at an advanced stage, who underwent hip arthroplasty, we harvested biological material necessary for the histopathological study. There were differences in the appearance and extent of the lesion on the histological samples compared to macroscopic examination and even those obtained through imaging means, particularly for patients in evolutionary stage III. Aspects such as the extension of the area of fibrosis, bone tissue remodeling, the density of the newly formed vascular network and degree of impairment of the cartilage, are determined more accurately using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. Before classifying patients in a certain stage, after correlating clinical and imaging data, histopathological aspects have to be considered, particularly in patients in stages III and IV, in which total hip arthroplasty could be delayed.