ABSTRACT
The pediatric malignancies most likely to metastasize to the skin are neuroblastoma, leukemia, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases from osteosarcoma are extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in pediatric patients with multifocal synchronous osteosarcoma. We describe the case of a 19-year-old woman with a single subcutaneous nodule of the abdominal wall that, on histologic evaluation, proved to be a metastatic high-grade osteosarcoma 5 years after her initial diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Osteosarcoma/secondary , Skin Neoplasms/secondary , Tibia/pathology , Abdominal Wall , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis/etiology , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Ifosfamide/administration & dosage , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Organ Sparing Treatments , Osteosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/surgery , Radiography , Razoxane/administration & dosage , Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Subcutaneous Tissue , Tibia/surgery , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
A novel strategy combining the advantages of polymer-supports and organotrifluoroborate chemistry for radiotracer preparation is reported.
Subject(s)
Borates/chemistry , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Resins, Synthetic/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Plants in the genus Monarda produce complex essential oils that contain antifungal compounds. The objectives of this research were to identify selections of monarda that reduce Rhizoctonia damping-off of tomato, and to determine relationships between essential oil composition of 13 monarda herbages (dried and ground leaves) and disease suppression. Herbages were grouped into five chemotypes, based on essential oil composition and effective concentrations for reducing growth by 50% for Rhizoctonia solani. Replicated and repeated disease control assays were conducted with monarda herbages in greenhouse medium, with or without Rhizoctonia. Percent survival, seedling height, and stem diameter were evaluated at 8 weeks. Survival, seedling height, and stem diameter in herbage-only treatments were not different from the control (no-herbage, no-pathogen) for most herbage treatments. In the pathogen control (no-herbage + Rhizoctonia), seedling survival was 10% that of the control. In pathogen-infested media, seedling survival ranged from 65 to 80% for treatments with thymol chemotypes and 55 to 65% for carvacrol chemotypes. Effective control of Rhizoctonia damping-off was correlated with phenolic monoterpenes; herbages classified as carvacrol chemotypes effectively protected tomato seedlings from Rhizoctonia damping-off disease without phytotoxicity. This study provides evidence that monarda herbages have potential as growing media amendments for control of Rhizoctonia damping-off disease.
Subject(s)
Monarda/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Rhizoctonia/physiology , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology , Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry , Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Rhizoctonia/drug effectsABSTRACT
The mechanism for the unusual AlCl(3)-catalyzed rearrangement of 2,2-dichloronorbornane to 1-chloronorbornane in pentane has been elucidated; the reaction, which also yields four isomeric dichloronorbornanes, occurs in three steps: (1). ionization to form the 2-chloro-2-norbornyl cation, which was fully characterized by two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR in SbF(5)/SO(2)ClF; (2). Wagner-Meerwein shift to yield the 1-chloro-2-norbornyl cation, which was partially characterized by (1)H NMR; and (3). hydride abstraction.
