Adéquation des soins de santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile: de la grossesse au programme d'immunisation de l'enfant dans la Zone de Santé Kenya à Lubumbashi / NA

Introduction. Le continuum des soins pour la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile reconnait une interrelation étroite entre la santé de la mère, du nouveau-né et de l'enfant à différents niveaux. L'objectif était de vérifier l'adéquation d'utilisation des services essentiels dans le continuum des soins de santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale sur interview semi-dirigée auprès des femmes ayant un enfant de 9 mois à une année pendant la période allant de mars à juin 2022. L'échantillonnage a été arrêté à 422 femmes. Résultats. La moyenne d'âge maternel était de 28,37 ± 6,41 ans dont les extrêmes étaient de 17 ans et 47 ans. Le taux de suivi de CPN était de 88,86%, la fréquence moyenne des CPN était de 2,5 ± 1,3. Pendant les CPN, 82,93% des femmes avaient bénéficié d'un contrôle de la pression artérielle (PA), 80,27% de la mesure du poids, 78,40% de dépistage du VIH, 77,33% de la vaccination contre le tétanos, 76% de la prophylaxie contre le paludisme et 73,33% d'une supplémentation martiale. Le taux de césarienne était de 18,48% et 62,56% des femmes avaient accouché à l'hôpital ; 33,18% au centre de santé ; 3,32% à domicile et 0,95% en cours de route. Ainsi, 97,15% des enfants avaient été vaccinés et avaient reçu les vaccins anti polio, VPI, BCG et 95,97% avaient reçu DTC, pneumonie et le vaccin contre l'hépatite B, 95,02% des enfants avaient reçu le VAR. Conclusion. Les soins pour la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile pose encore des problèmes à Lubumbashi. Ainsi la compréhension de la façon dont les femmes utilisent les soins aidera à mettre en œuvre et prioriser les interventions visant à améliorer la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile.

Clinical, environmental, and serologic surveillance studies of melioidosis in Gabon, 2012-2013.

Burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental gram-negative bacillus, is the causative agent of melioidosis and a bio-threat agent. Reports of B. pseudomallei isolation from soil and animals in East and West Africa suggest that melioidosis might be more widely distributed than previously thought. Because it has been found in equatorial areas with tropical climates, we hypothesized that B. pseudomallei could exist in Gabon. During 2012-2013, we conducted a seroprevalance study in which we set up microbiology facilities at a large clinical referral center and prospectively screened all febrile patients by conducting blood cultures and testing for B. pseudomallei and related species; we also determined whether B. pseudomallei could be isolated from soil. We discovered a novel B. pseudomallei sequence type that caused lethal septic shock and identified B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis in the environment. Our data suggest that melioidosis is emerging in Central Africa but is unrecognized because of the lack of diagnostic microbiology facilities.

Design and characterization of a microbial fuel cell for the conversion of a lignocellulosic crop residue to electricity.

Agricultural crop residues contain high amounts of biochemical energy as cellulose and lignin. A portion of this biomass could be sustainably harvested for conversion to bioenergy to help offset fossil fuel consumption. In this study, the potential for converting lignocellulosic biomass directly to electricity in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was explored. Design elements of tubular air cathode MFCs and leach-bed bioreactors were integrated to develop a new solid-substrate MFC in which cellulose hydrolysis, fermentation, and anode respiration occurred in a single chamber. Electricity was produced continuously from untreated corncob pellets for >60 d. Addition of rumen fluid increased power production, presumably by providing growth factors to anode-respiring bacteria. Periodic exposure to oxygen also increased power production, presumably by limiting the diversion of electrons to methanogenesis. In the absence of methanogenesis, bioaugmentation with Geobacter metallireducens further improved MFC performance. Under these conditions, the maximum power density was 230 mW/m(3).

Substance-abusing child welfare parents: treatment and child placement outcomes.

The authors present findings from their study of 167 child welfare parents referred for substance abuse assessments. Relationships between gender, prior treatment, court-ordered intervention, significant others' support, and treatment and placement outcomes are examined. Findings indicate significant others' support positively influences all outcomes while court-ordered intervention is not predictive. Prior treatment is associated with continued substance abuse. Gender differences exist for assessment completion and several client characteristics. Implications for practice are drawn.

Ontogeny of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells in lymphohemopoietic tissues of rat and mouse.

The ontogeny of hemopoietic cells which contain the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was studied in rats and mice. During fetal life, TdT-positive cells were first detected in the thymus, where they appeared on or about day 17 of gestation. TdT-positive cells were not found in fetal liver, spleen, or bone marrow, but appeared in bone marrow and spleen on the day after birth. In the rat, peak levels of TdT-positive cells were attained at 3 to 4 weeks of age in thymus, bone marrow, and spleen, accounting for 67, 3.9, and 2.3% of nucleated cells, respectively. The percentages of TdT-positive cells in thymus and bone marrow decreased gradually thereafter, whereas, TdT-positive cells in spleen were no longer detectable by 7 weeks of age. Normal percentages of TdT-positive cells were found in bone marrow and spleen from neonatally thymectomized rats and congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a marked decrease in TdT-positive cells. The results are discussed with respect to the putative role of TdT-positive hemopoietic cells as thymocyte progenitors.

Temporal patterns of alcohol use by alcoholics.

Examination of data gathered from 21 hospitalized alcoholics regarding rank order to time intervals for use (most common to least common) of alcohol showed a significant correspondence to the temporal pattern for drug use in young polydrug users (rho = .943). The most common time for use was 6 PM to 10 PM.

Intracellular distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in rat bone marrow and thymus.

A subset of bone marrow cells that contains terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (DNA nucleotidylexotransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase, EC 2.7.7.31) can be identified in adult rats by immunofluorescence using affinity-column-purified antibody to homogeneous calf transferase. The transferase-positive cells comprise approximately 1.8% of bone marrow cells. Correcting the specific activity of terminal transferase in total bone marrow cells (0.21 units per 10(8) cells) for the percentage of transferase-positive bone marrow cells (1.8%) gives 11.7 units per 10(8) cells, a value approximately half that found for transferase-positive thymocytes. Fluorescence appears to be restricted to the nucleus of transferase-positive bone marrow cells, in contrast to the predominantly cytoplasmic fluorescence of small thymocytes from adult rats. Some large thymocytes contain intranuclear transferase fluorescence patterns similar to those seen in bone marrow. These thymocytes are especially numerous in neonatal rat thymus, where they are localized in the subcapsular region of the cortex. Thymocytes with combined patterns of nuclear and cytoplasmic transferase are also present. In addition, Thy-1.1 antigen, which is present on thymic and prethymic cells but not on the majority of post-thymic cells in the rat, is also present on transferase-positive bone marrow cells. The results suggest that the transferase-positive subset of bone marrow cells may contain the immediate progenitors of cortical thymocytes in the rat. The nuclear location of fluorescence may indicate the site of physiological activity of terminal transferase in thymocytes and their precursors.

Demonstration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in thymocytes by immunofluorescence.

The cellular and subcellular distribution of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (DNA nucleotidylexotransferase; nucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidylexotransferase, EC 2.7.7.31) in thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes from rat, mouse, and calf was studied by immunofluorescence using rabbit antiserum to homogeneous transferase from calf. Terminal transferase was readily detected in approximately 75% of cortical thymocytes, but not in medullary thymocytes or lymph node lymphocytes. The enzyme appeared to be present predominantly in the cytoplasm of positive thymocytes in ethanol-fixed cell smears and frozen sections. The reactivity of anti-terminal-transferase for thymocytes could be neutralized with purified calf enzyme. Results of experiments in which thymocytes were separated on 7-step discontinuous Ficoll density gradients suggested that cortical thymocytes are heterogeneous with respect to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase content.