A urokinase-associated outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections in haemodialysis patients in north-eastern Italy, January to April 2023.

An outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bloodstream infections occurred in four hospitals in north-eastern Italy, involving 20 haemodialysis patients with tunnelled central vascular catheter access. We identified as the outbreak source a batch of urokinase vials imported from India contaminated with R. mannitolilytica. Whole genome sequences of the clinical and urokinase strains were highly related, and only urokinase-treated patients were reported with R. mannitolilytica infections (attack rate = 34%; 95% confidence interval: 22.1-47.4). Discontinuation of the contaminated urokinase terminated the outbreak.

Investigation on the Loss of Taste and Smell and Consequent Psychological Effects: A Cross-Sectional Study on Healthcare Workers Who Contracted the COVID-19 Infection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between psychological distress and taste and sense of smell dysfunctions on healthcare workers (HCW) who contracted the COVID-19 infection in the midst of the disease outbreak. Reports of sudden loss of taste and smell which persist even after recovery from COVID-19 infection are increasingly recognized as critical symptoms for COVID-19 infections. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study on COVID-19 HCW (N = 104) who adhered to respond to a phone semistructured interview addressing the virus symptoms and associated psychological distress. Data were collected from June to September 2020. Findings confirm the association between experienced taste/olfactory loss and emotional distress and suggest that dysfunctions of taste and smell correlate positively with anxiety and depression. Furthermore, their psychological impact tends to persist even after the recovery from the disease, suggesting the need for appropriate psychological interventions to prevent people from developing more serious or long-lasting psychological disorders and, as far as HCW, to reduce the risk of work-related distress.

Hemolytic effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives.

A series of water-soluble fullerene C(60) derivatives has been investigated for their cytotoxic and hemolytic properties, with the aim to correlate structure with toxicity. We observed that cationic chains induce significant toxicity while the presence of neutral or anionic moieties did not produce any response in our model. A validation of these experimental observations has been performed by theoretical studies in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface areas were correlated quantitatively with hemolytic properties.

Toxicity of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) administered during pregnancy and lactation in rats.

The popularity of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the treatment of depression is increasing and, in recent years, concerns about its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding have emerged. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in Wistar rats, the effects of a treatment with hypericum administered prenatally and during breastfeeding (from 2 weeks before mating to 21 days after delivery). Two doses of the extract were chosen, 100 mg/kg per day, which, based on surface area, is comparable to the dose administered to humans, and 1000 mg/kg per day. A microscopical analysis of livers, kidneys, hearts, lungs, brains, and small bowels was performed. A severe damage was observed in the livers and kidneys of animals euthanized postnatally on days 0 and 21. The lesions were more severe with the higher dose and in animals that were breastfed for 21 days; however, an important renal and hepatic damage was evident also with the dose of 100 mg/kg per day. In addition, similar serious hepatic and renal lesions were evident also in animals that were exposed to hypericum only during breastfeeding. In particular, a focal hepatic damage, with vacuolization, lobular fibrosis, and disorganization of hepatic arrays was evident; in the kidney, a reduction in glomerular size, disappearance of Bowman's space, and hyaline tubular degeneration were found. The results obtained in this study indicate that further, appropriate histological studies should be performed in other animal species to better evaluate the safety of hypericum extracts taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding.