DETECTION OF SAPOVIRUS IN BRAZILIAN PIG FARMS / DETECTION OF SAPOVIRUS IN BRAZILIAN PIG FARMS

Sapoviruses (Caliciviridae) are considered important agents of gastroenteritis worldwide affecting animals and humans. In pig farming, the epidemiology is not completely understood because it can affect all stages of production, with symptomatic (diarrhea) or asymptomatic pigs. The aim of our study was to investigate Sapovirus occurrence in Brazilian pig farms. A total of 166 fecal samples of pigs, with different ages, from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso States were submitted to RT-PCR reactions and confirmed with nucleotide sequencing of Sapovirus RdRp gene. Six (3.61%) samples were positive and four had partial RdRp gene sequenced, putatively belonging to GVII.1 genogroup, also reported in swine herds in Brazil.

Sapoviruses (Caliciviridae) are considered important gastroenteritis worldwide affecting animals and humans. In pig farming, the epidemiology has not completely understood, because can affect all stages of production, with symptomatic (diarrhea) or asymptomatic pigs. The aim of our study was investigated Sapovirus occurrence in Brazilian pig farms. A total of 166 fecal samples of pigs, with different ages, from Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Mato Grosso States were submitted to RT-PCR reactions and confirmed with nucleotide sequencing of Sapovirus RdRp gene. In total, six (3.61%) samples were positive and four of them had partial RdRp gene sequenced, putatively belonging to GVII.1 genogroup, also previously reported in swine herds in Brazil.

Detection of sapovirus in brazilian pig farms / Detecção de sapovírus em criações de suínos brasileiras

Sapoviruses (Caliciviridae) are considered important agents of gastroenteritis worldwide affecting animals and humans. In pig farming, the epidemiology is not completely understood because it can affect all stages of production, with symptomatic (diarrhea) or asymptomatic pigs. The aim of our study was to investigate Sapovirus occurrence in Brazilian pig farms. A total of 166 fecal samples of pigs, with different ages, from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso States were submitted to RT-PCR reactions and confirmed with nucleotide sequencing of Sapovirus RdRp gene. Six (3.61%) samples were positive and four had partial RdRp gene sequenced, putatively belonging to GVII.1 genogroup, also reported in swine herds in Brazil.

Sapovírus (Caliciviridae) são considerados importantes agentes causadores de gastroenterites em todo o mundo, afetando animais e humanos. Na suinocultura, sua epidemiologia ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida, pois pode afetar todas as fases da produção, com suínos sintomáticos (diarreia) ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Sapovírus em granjas de suínos brasileiras. Um total de 166 amostras fecais de suínos, com diferentes idades, dos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Mato Grosso foram submetidas a reações de RT-PCR e confirmadas com sequenciamento de nucleotídeos do gene RdRp do Sapovírus. Seis (3,61%) amostras foram positivas e quatro delas tinham sequenciamento parcial do gene RdRp, supostamente pertencente ao genogrupo GVII.1, previamente relatado em rebanhos suínos no Brasil.

Detection of sapovirus in brazilian pig farms / Detecção de sapovírus em criações de suínos brasileiras

Sapoviruses (Caliciviridae) are considered important agents of gastroenteritis worldwide affecting animals and humans. In pig farming, the epidemiology is not completely understood because it can affect all stages of production, with symptomatic (diarrhea) or asymptomatic pigs. The aim of our study was to investigate Sapovirus occurrence in Brazilian pig farms. A total of 166 fecal samples of pigs, with different ages, from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Mato Grosso States were submitted to RT-PCR reactions and confirmed with nucleotide sequencing of Sapovirus RdRp gene. Six (3.61%) samples were positive and four had partial RdRp gene sequenced, putatively belonging to GVII.1 genogroup, also reported in swine herds in Brazil.(AU)

Sapovírus (Caliciviridae) são considerados importantes agentes causadores de gastroenterites em todo o mundo, afetando animais e humanos. Na suinocultura, sua epidemiologia ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida, pois pode afetar todas as fases da produção, com suínos sintomáticos (diarreia) ou assintomáticos. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Sapovírus em granjas de suínos brasileiras. Um total de 166 amostras fecais de suínos, com diferentes idades, dos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Mato Grosso foram submetidas a reações de RT-PCR e confirmadas com sequenciamento de nucleotídeos do gene RdRp do Sapovírus. Seis (3,61%) amostras foram positivas e quatro delas tinham sequenciamento parcial do gene RdRp, supostamente pertencente ao genogrupo GVII.1, previamente relatado em rebanhos suínos no Brasil.(AU)

Angistrongylus cantonensis and Ancylostoma caninum detection in snails of São Paulo city (2016-2017), Brazil / Detecção de Angistrongylus cantonensis and Ancylostoma caninum em caramujos da cidade de São Paulo (2016-2017), Brasil

Achatina fulica snails cause environmental problems and represent a public health hazard since it is a host in the life cycles of various parasites, among them, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and, less frequently, Ancylostoma caninum. We report the occurrence of Angistrongylus cantonensis, as well as the unexpected finding of Ancylostoma caninum, in a total of 936 specimens of Achatina fulica snails from different regions of São Paulo city, Brazil. Samples were divided into 492 pools which were screened for nematodes. If present, larvae were submitted to DNA extraction and PCR protocol targeting, the ITS-2 gene junction. From the 183 positive pools for larvae presence, 97 showed specific 650 bp band at electrophoresis and 21 presented bands nearly 300 bp. Two amplicons from each size were and sequenced. A BLAST/n of 650 bp sequences presented identity with Angistrongylus cantonensis, while the two of 300 bp, showed identity with Ancylostoma caninum, also supported by phylogenetic analysis. This is the second report of Ancylostoma caninum found in these snails in the world, therefore, this study allows a better understanding about these diseases and highlights the need of continue systematically mapping sites that can be infested with the mollusc.

Os caramujos Achatina fulica causam problemas ambientais e representam um perigo em Saúde Pública uma vez que são hospedeiros de vários parasitas, entre eles o Angiostrongylus cantonensis e menos frequentemente o Ancylostoma caninum. Nós relatamos a ocorrência de Angistrongylus cantonensis, bem como o achado de Ancylostoma caninum, a partir de 936 espécimens de caramujos Achatina fulica de diferentes regiões da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras foram divididas em 492 pools os quais foram triados para nematóides. Se presentes, larvas foram submetidas a extração de DNA e um protocolo de PCR tendo como alvo a junção do gene ITS-2. De 183 pools contendo larvas, 97 apresentaram bandas específicas de 650 pb e na eletroforese 21 apresentaram bandas próximas aos 300 pb. Dois amplicons de cada tamanho foram sequenciados. A submissão ao BLAST/n das sequências de 650 pb apresentaram identidade das sequências com Angistrongylus cantonensis, enquanto que as duas de 300 pb apresentaram identidade com Ancylostoma caninum, também corroboradas por análises filogenéticas. Este é o segundo relato do encontro de Ancylostoma caninum nestes caramujos no mundo, sendo assim, este estudo permite um melhor entendimento destas doenças e denota a necessidade de contínuo monitoramento de regiões que estejam infestadas pelo molusco.

ANGISTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS AND ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM DETECTION IN SNAILS OF SÃO PAULO CITY (2016-2017), BRAZIL / ANGISTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS AND ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM DETECTION IN SNAILS OF SÃO PAULO CITY (2016-2017), BRAZIL.

Achatina fulica snails cause environmental problems and represent a public health hazard since it is a host in the life cycles of various parasites, among them, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and, less frequently, Ancylostoma caninum. We report the occurrence of Angistrongylus cantonensis, as well as the unexpected finding of Ancylostoma caninum, in a total of 936 specimens of Achatina fulica snails from different regions of São Paulo city, Brazil. Samples were divided into 492 pools which were screened for nematodes. If present, larvae were submitted to DNA extraction and PCR protocol targeting, the ITS-2 gene junction. From the 183 positive pools for larvae presence, 97 showed specific 650 bp band at electrophoresis and 21 presented bands nearly 300 bp. Two amplicons from each size were and sequenced. A BLAST/n of 650 bp sequences presented identity with Angistrongylus cantonensis, while the two of 300 bp, showed identity with Ancylostoma caninum, also supported by phylogenetic analysis. This is the second report of Ancylostoma caninum found in these snails in the world, therefore, this study allows a better understanding about these diseases and highlights the need of continue systematically mapping sites that can be infested with the mollusc.

Achatina fulica snails cause environmental problems and represent a public health hazard since it is a host in the life cycles of various parasites, among them, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and, less frequently, Ancylostoma caninum. We report the occurrence of Angistrongylus cantonensis, as well as the unexpected finding of Ancylostoma caninum, in a total of 936 specimens of Achatina fulica snails from different regions of São Paulo city, Brazil. Samples were divided into 492 pools which were screened for nematodes. If present, larvae were submitted to DNA extraction and PCR protocol targeting, the ITS-2 gene junction. From the 183 positive pools for larvae presence, 97 showed specific 650 bp band at electrophoresis and 21 presented bands nearly 300 bp. Two amplicons from each size were and sequenced. A BLAST/n of 650 bp sequences presented identity with Angistrongylus cantonensis, while the two of 300 bp, showed identity with Ancylostoma caninum, also supported by phylogenetic analysis. This is the second report of Ancylostoma caninum found in these snails in the world, therefore, this study allows a better understanding about these diseases and highlights the need of continue systematically mapping sites that can be infested with the mollusc.

Angistrongylus cantonensis and Ancylostoma caninum detection in snails of São Paulo city (2016-2017), Brazil / Detecção de Angistrongylus cantonensis and Ancylostoma caninum em caramujos da cidade de São Paulo (2016-2017), Brasil

Achatina fulica snails cause environmental problems and represent a public health hazard since it is a host in the life cycles of various parasites, among them, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and, less frequently, Ancylostoma caninum. We report the occurrence of Angistrongylus cantonensis, as well as the unexpected finding of Ancylostoma caninum, in a total of 936 specimens of Achatina fulica snails from different regions of São Paulo city, Brazil. Samples were divided into 492 pools which were screened for nematodes. If present, larvae were submitted to DNA extraction and PCR protocol targeting, the ITS-2 gene junction. From the 183 positive pools for larvae presence, 97 showed specific 650 bp band at electrophoresis and 21 presented bands nearly 300 bp. Two amplicons from each size were and sequenced. A BLAST/n of 650 bp sequences presented identity with Angistrongylus cantonensis, while the two of 300 bp, showed identity with Ancylostoma caninum, also supported by phylogenetic analysis. This is the second report of Ancylostoma caninum found in these snails in the world, therefore, this study allows a better understanding about these diseases and highlights the need of continue systematically mapping sites that can be infested with the mollusc.(AU)

Os caramujos Achatina fulica causam problemas ambientais e representam um perigo em Saúde Pública uma vez que são hospedeiros de vários parasitas, entre eles o Angiostrongylus cantonensis e menos frequentemente o Ancylostoma caninum. Nós relatamos a ocorrência de Angistrongylus cantonensis, bem como o achado de Ancylostoma caninum, a partir de 936 espécimens de caramujos Achatina fulica de diferentes regiões da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras foram divididas em 492 pools os quais foram triados para nematóides. Se presentes, larvas foram submetidas a extração de DNA e um protocolo de PCR tendo como alvo a junção do gene ITS-2. De 183 pools contendo larvas, 97 apresentaram bandas específicas de 650 pb e na eletroforese 21 apresentaram bandas próximas aos 300 pb. Dois amplicons de cada tamanho foram sequenciados. A submissão ao BLAST/n das sequências de 650 pb apresentaram identidade das sequências com Angistrongylus cantonensis, enquanto que as duas de 300 pb apresentaram identidade com Ancylostoma caninum, também corroboradas por análises filogenéticas. Este é o segundo relato do encontro de Ancylostoma caninum nestes caramujos no mundo, sendo assim, este estudo permite um melhor entendimento destas doenças e denota a necessidade de contínuo monitoramento de regiões que estejam infestadas pelo molusco.(AU)

Distinguishing the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human Wa-like rotaviruses vs. porcine rotaviruses.

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are 11-segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses and important causes of gastroenteritis in the young of many animal species. Previous studies have suggested that human Wa-like RVAs share a close evolutionary relationship with porcine RVAs. Specifically, the VP1-VP3 and NSP2-5/6 genes of these viruses are usually classified as genotype 1 with >81% nucleotide sequence identity. Yet, it remains unknown whether the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human Wa-like strains are distinguishable from those of porcine strains. To investigate this, we performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses using all known genotype 1 gene sequences. The RVAs analyzed represent wildtype strains isolated from humans or pigs at various geographical locations during the years of 2004-2013, including 11 newly-sequenced porcine RVAs from Brazil. We also analyzed archival strains that were isolated during the years of 1977-1992 as well as atypical strains involved in inter-species transmission between humans and pigs. We found that, in general, the genotype 1 genes of typical modern human Wa-like RVAs clustered together in phylogenetic trees and were separate from those of typical modern porcine RVAs. The only exception was for the NSP5/6 gene, which showed no host-specific phylogenetic clustering. Using amino acid sequence alignments, we identified 34 positions that differentiated the VP1-VP3, NSP2, and NSP3 genotype 1 proteins of typical modern human Wa-like RVAs versus typical modern porcine RVAs and documented how these positions vary in the archival/unusual isolates. No host-specific amino acid positions were identified for NSP4, NSP5, or NSP6. Altogether, the results of this study support the notion that human Wa-like RVAs and porcine RVAs are evolutionarily related, but indicate that some of their genotype 1 genes and proteins have diverged over time possibly as a reflection of sequestered replication and protein co-adaptation in their respective hosts.

First Case of Systemic Coronavirus Infection in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Peru.

A domestic ferret from Lima, Peru, died after ten days of non-specific clinical signs. Based on pathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis, ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV)-associated disease was diagnosed for the first time in South America. This report highlights the potential spread of pathogens by the international pet trade.

Betacoronavirus 1 in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the High Peruvian Andes.

Genetic sequences highly related to Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) were detected in fecal samples from Peruvian 1-3 week old alpaca crias located on six farms in Puno department, some of which shared pastures with cattle. A total of 60 samples were screened for coronavirus using a nested PCR amplification of a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Sequences from 11 positive samples were highly similar to the Kakegawa, Quebec and Mebus BCoV strains (99.5-100.0%) and 99.2% identical to an alpaca Coronavirus (CoV) previously detected in the USA. The detection of genetic sequences related to BCoV from Peruvian alpaca crias suggests possible role of this virus on enteric disorders etiology in the High Andes.

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF NSP4 CODING GENE OF PORCINE ROTAVIRUS IN BRAZIL

The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has different roles in rotaviral replication, morphogenesis, and enterotoxin-like activity causing secretory diarrhea. A total of 11 partial nucleotide sequences of NSP4 coding gene were defined from group A rotavirus circulating in Brazilian swine herds. On comparing the viral sequences of diarrheagenic peptide area (amino acid 114-135), there was a single point mutation at amino acid 135 presented by two strains with amino acid alanine, and valine in the others. The NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all strains clustered into E1 genotype, and the nucleotide identity between Brazilian strains ranged from 92.4% and 100%, while the putative amino acid identity, between 95.8% and 100%. Only one site (138aa) was positively selected and at least 119 were negatively selected. As a conclusion, these data demonstrate the occurrence of a common NSP4 genotype described elsewhere in pigs and low diversity between the samples from the surveyed areas.

Molecular analysis of NSP4 coding gene of porcine rotavirus in Brazil / Análise molecular do gene codificador da NSP4 de rotavírus suínos no Brasil

The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has different roles in rotaviral replication, morphogenesis, and enterotoxin-like activity causing secretory diarrhea. A total of 11 partial nucleotide sequences of NSP4 coding gene were defined from group A rotavirus circulating in Brazilian swine herds. On comparing the viral sequences of diarrheagenic peptide area (amino acid 114-135), there was a single point mutation at amino acid 135 presented by two strains with amino acid alanine, and valine in the others. The NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all strains clustered into E1 genotype, and the nucleotide identity between Brazilian strains ranged from 92.4% and 100%, while the putative amino acid identity, between 95.8% and 100%. Only one site (138aa) was positively selected and at least 119 were negatively selected. As a conclusion, these data demonstrate the occurrence of a common NSP4 genotype described elsewhere in pigs and low diversity between the samples from the surveyed areas

A proteína não estrutural 4 (NSP4) desempenha diferentes funções na replicação e na morfogênese dos rotavírus, apresentando, ainda, uma atividade de enterotoxina, causando diarreia do tipo secretória. Um total de 11 sequências parciais de nucleotídeos do gene codificador da NSP4 de rotavírus suínos de criações brasileiras foram definidas como pertencentes ao grupo A. Comparando-se as sequências virais da área do peptídeo toxigênico, que compreende a porção entre os aminoácidos de 114 a 135, constatou-se uma única mutação pontual no aminoácido 135, sendo que duas amostras apresentaram alanina, e as demais, valina. A análise filogenética do gene demonstrou que todas as amostras pertencem ao genotipo E1, e que a identidade nucleotídica das amostras brasileiras variou de 92,4% a 100%, enquanto que a identidade de aminoácidos, de 95,8% a 100%. Apenas um resíduo (aa 138) sofreu seleção positiva enquanto que pelo menos outros 119 apresentam seleção negativa. Assim, esses dados mostram a ocorrência de um genotipo comum da NSP4 já descrito anteriormente em suínos, com uma baixa diversidade entre as amostras encontradas

Molecular analysis of nsp4 coding gene of porcine rotavirus in brazil

The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has different roles in rotaviral replication, morphogenesis, and enterotoxin-like activity causing secretory diarrhea. A total of 11 partial nucleotide sequences of NSP4 coding gene were defined from group A rotavirus circulating in Brazilian swine herds. On comparing the viral sequences of diarrheagenic peptide area (amino acid 114-135), there was a single point mutation at amino acid 135 presented by two strains with amino acid alanine, and valine in the others. The NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all strains clustered into E1 genotype, and the nucleotide identity between Brazilian strains ranged from 92.4% and 100%, while the putative amino acid identity, between 95.8% and 100%. Only one site (138aa) was positively selected and at least 119 were negatively selected. As a conclusion, these data demonstrate the occurrence of a common NSP4 genotype described elsewhere in pigs and low diversity between the samples from the surveyed areas.

Molecular analysis of NSP4 coding gene of porcine rotavirus in Brazil / Análise molecular do gene codificador da NSP4 de rotavírus suínos no Brasil

The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) has different roles in rotaviral replication, morphogenesis, and enterotoxin-like activity causing secretory diarrhea. A total of 11 partial nucleotide sequences of NSP4 coding gene were defined from group A rotavirus circulating in Brazilian swine herds. On comparing the viral sequences of diarrheagenic peptide area (amino acid 114-135), there was a single point mutation at amino acid 135 presented by two strains with amino acid alanine, and valine in the others. The NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all strains clustered into E1 genotype, and the nucleotide identity between Brazilian strains ranged from 92.4% and 100%, while the putative amino acid identity, between 95.8% and 100%. Only one site (138aa) was positively selected and at least 119 were negatively selected. As a conclusion, these data demonstrate the occurrence of a common NSP4 genotype described elsewhere in pigs and low diversity between the samples from the surveyed areas(AU)

A proteína não estrutural 4 (NSP4) desempenha diferentes funções na replicação e na morfogênese dos rotavírus, apresentando, ainda, uma atividade de enterotoxina, causando diarreia do tipo secretória. Um total de 11 sequências parciais de nucleotídeos do gene codificador da NSP4 de rotavírus suínos de criações brasileiras foram definidas como pertencentes ao grupo A. Comparando-se as sequências virais da área do peptídeo toxigênico, que compreende a porção entre os aminoácidos de 114 a 135, constatou-se uma única mutação pontual no aminoácido 135, sendo que duas amostras apresentaram alanina, e as demais, valina. A análise filogenética do gene demonstrou que todas as amostras pertencem ao genotipo E1, e que a identidade nucleotídica das amostras brasileiras variou de 92,4% a 100%, enquanto que a identidade de aminoácidos, de 95,8% a 100%. Apenas um resíduo (aa 138) sofreu seleção positiva enquanto que pelo menos outros 119 apresentam seleção negativa. Assim, esses dados mostram a ocorrência de um genotipo comum da NSP4 já descrito anteriormente em suínos, com uma baixa diversidade entre as amostras encontradas(AU)

Description of rotavirus F in broilers from Brazilian poultry farms.

Rotaviruses are segmented double-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastroenteritis in mammals and birds. Here we describe the first partial nucleotide sequences of the structural protein VP6 from the genomes of group F rotaviruses that were detected in 5 out of 53 fecal samples (9.43%) from healthy broilers from Brazilian poultry farms based on reverse-transcriptase-PCR with primers designed for this study. The findings support the development of molecular detection systems, which can be used for the assessment of the distribution of rotavirus F in birds, their potential involvement in diseases, and their impact on poultry health.

Occurrence and characterization of rotavirus A in broilers, layers, and broiler breeders from Brazilian poultry farms.

Rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrhea in humans and animals, including several mammalian and avian species. Using different PCR protocols, we report the occurrence of rotavirus A in 21 (53.84%; 21/39) from 39 fecal pool samples of broilers, layers, and broiler breeders from Brazilian avian farms. We typed the G5, G8, G11, G19, and P[31] genotypes.

First description of group A rotavirus from fecal samples of ostriches (Struthio camelus).

This study investigated the occurrence of rotavirus infections in ostriches (Struthio camelus) reared in Northern Paraná, Brazil. Fecal (n=66) and serum (n=182) samples from nine farms located in four different cities were analyzed by silver stained-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE), RT-PCR assay, virus isolation, and counterimmunoelectroosmophoresis (CIE). Rotavirus group A seropositivity occurred in 5.49% (10/182) of serum samples of ostriches originated from two farms. Only 9.09% (6/66) of fecal samples from ostriches with diarrhea maintained in one farm were positive by ss-PAGE, RT-PCR, and virus isolation. The G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes of rotavirus wild strains isolated in cell culture were determined by multiplex-nested PCR. The genotyping identified two rotavirus strains: G6P[1] and G10P[1]. In three rotavirus strains it was only possible to identify the P type; one strain being P[1] and two strains that presented the combination of P[1]+P[7]. These findings might represent the first characterization of rotavirus in ostriches, and the finding of porcine and bovine-like rotavirus genotypes in ostriches might suggest virus reassortment and possible interspecies transmission.

INTRAGENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF PORCINE ROTAVIRUS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL / Diversidade intra-genotípica de amostras de rotavírus suínas circulantes no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Com o objetivo de se determinar a diversidade intra-genotípica de rotavírus circulantes em criações de suínos de diferentes municípios localizados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, um total de 3 amostras de rotavírus pertencentes ao genotipo G[5] foram submetidas ao sequenciamento parcial do gene codificador da proteína VP7. Analogamente, outras 4 amostras P[6], tiveram o gene codificador da proteína VP4 parcialmente definidas. A identidade nucleotídica entre as amostras G[5] variou de 93,1% a 99,4%, e em termos de aminoácidos de 97,5% a 100%. Quanto ao genotipo P[6] as amostras variaram de 93% a 98,7% e 95 a 100% para as identidades de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, inferências filogenéticas feitas a partir de aminoácidos, usando o critério de distância com algoritmo Neighbor-Joining e correção de Poisson como modelo de substituição, demonstraram que as amostras G[5] aqui definidas agruparam-se exclusivamente com amostras homólogas descritas previamente em suínos, enquanto que as P[6] demonstraram relacionamento tanto com amostras humanas e suínas. Em face destes achados

INTRAGENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF PORCINE ROTAVIRUS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL / Diversidade intra-genotípica de amostras de rotavírus suínas circulantes no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Com o objetivo de se determinar a diversidade intra-genotípica de rotavírus circulantes em criações de suínos de diferentes municípios localizados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, um total de 3 amostras de rotavírus pertencentes ao genotipo G[5] foram submetidas ao sequenciamento parcial do gene codificador da proteína VP7. Analogamente, outras 4 amostras P[6], tiveram o gene codificador da proteína VP4 parcialmente definidas. A identidade nucleotídica entre as amostras G[5] variou de 93,1% a 99,4%, e em termos de aminoácidos de 97,5% a 100%. Quanto ao genotipo P[6] as amostras variaram de 93% a 98,7% e 95 a 100% para as identidades de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, inferências filogenéticas feitas a partir de aminoácidos, usando o critério de distância com algoritmo Neighbor-Joining e correção de Poisson como modelo de substituição, demonstraram que as amostras G[5] aqui definidas agruparam-se exclusivamente com amostras homólogas descritas previamente em suínos, enquanto que as P[6] demonstraram relacionamento tanto com amostras humanas e suínas. Em face destes achados

INTRAGENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF PORCINE ROTAVIRUS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL / Diversidade intra-genotípica de amostras de rotavírus suínas circulantes no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Com o objetivo de se determinar a diversidade intra-genotípica de rotavírus circulantes em criações de suínos de diferentes municípios localizados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, um total de 3 amostras de rotavírus pertencentes ao genotipo G[5] foram submetidas ao sequenciamento parcial do gene codificador da proteína VP7. Analogamente, outras 4 amostras P[6], tiveram o gene codificador da proteína VP4 parcialmente definidas. A identidade nucleotídica entre as amostras G[5] variou de 93,1% a 99,4%, e em termos de aminoácidos de 97,5% a 100%. Quanto ao genotipo P[6] as amostras variaram de 93% a 98,7% e 95 a 100% para as identidades de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, inferências filogenéticas feitas a partir de aminoácidos, usando o critério de distância com algoritmo Neighbor-Joining e correção de Poisson como modelo de substituição, demonstraram que as amostras G[5] aqui definidas agruparam-se exclusivamente com amostras homólogas descritas previamente em suínos, enquanto que as P[6] demonstraram relacionamento tanto com amostras humanas e suínas. Em face destes achados

Bovine rotavirus in turkeys with enteritis.

Rotaviruses are the main agents responsible for diarrhea in different animal species and for infantile gastroenteritis. These viruses have been isolated from various avian species and have often been associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. Nevertheless, the knowledge of rotavirus infection in turkeys is scarce. Six group A rotavirus strains obtained from pooled enteric contents of diarrheic turkeys were isolated in MA-104 cell culture and typed as G(6)P(1), a typical bovine rotavirus genotype. Additionally, the electropherotypes showed a migration pattern identical to the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus, and the complete NSP4 gene phylogeny showed that all six strains segregated in the genotype E2. Taken together, these results point toward a cattle-to-turkey rotavirus transmission. As a conclusion, bovine-origin rotavirus can be found in turkeys, and this transmission route must now be considered for the improvement of the health status in turkey farms.