ABSTRACT
This paper characterizes the light microscopic and ultrastructural lesions in peripheral nerves caused by feeding lasalocid and roxarsone to broiler chickens. The birds were given three different doses of each compound: the standard industrial dose, 150% of the standard dose, and 200% of the standard dose. It was necessary to deprive the birds of water for 4 hours daily and heat-stress them in order to reproduce the lesion. Each compound caused mild microscopic lesions of swollen axons, digestion chambers, shrunken axons, or vacuoles where axons were missing. Ultrastructural changes included formation of myelin ellipsoids, vacuoles within or beneath the myelin sheath, and unraveling of myelin. These lesions were most frequently found in the birds receiving lasalocid.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Lasalocid/adverse effects , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Roxarsone/adverse effects , Animal Feed , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Microscopy, Electron/veterinary , Peripheral Nerves/ultrastructure , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
A clinical case of monensin poisoning in ostriches is presented. Analytical results and histopathologic changes in intercostal muscles and liver supported the ionophore toxicity diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/chemically induced , Birds , Monensin/poisoning , Animals , Poisoning/metabolismABSTRACT
Cases of iron, zinc, lead and copper poisoning in ostriches are discussed. Metallic proventricular foreign bodies are a potential source of heavy metal poisoning in ratites. Tissue levels of heavy metals and trace elements supporting these diagnoses are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/etiology , Foreign Bodies/veterinary , Metals/poisoning , Proventriculus , Animals , Birds , Foreign Bodies/complications , Kidney/chemistry , Liver/chemistry , Male , Poisoning/metabolismABSTRACT
Procedures and results of investigations concerning the oiling of inland raptors, migratory water-fowl and other birds are presented. Freon washings from the oiled birds and oil from the pits were analyzed by gas chromatography. In most instances the source of the oil could be established by chromatographic procedures. The numbers of birds involved (including many on the endangered species list) suggested the need for netting or closing oil field waste pits and mud disposal pits. Maintaining a proper chain of custody was important.
Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/chemically induced , Industrial Waste , Petroleum/poisoning , Animals , Bird Diseases/prevention & control , Petroleum/analysisABSTRACT
The use and potential toxicity of various components of oil well drilling fluids, muds and additives are presented. Many components are extremely caustic resulting in rumenitis. Solvent and petroleum hydrocarbon components may cause aspiration pneumonia and rumen dysfunction. Some additives cause methemoglobinemia. The most frequently encountered heavy metals are lead, chromium, arsenic, lithium and copper. Considerations for investigating livestock poisoning cases and several typical cases are reviewed.
