ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) on bacterial cellulose (BC) production, under static conditions was evaluated in terms of the properties of the resulting BC hybrid membranes. HA was added to the fermentation process in three distinct time points: first day (BC-T0), third day (BC-T3) and sixth day (BC-T6). Analyses of FT-IR and CP/MAS (13)C NMR confirmed the presence of HA in bacterial cellulose membranes. The crystal structure, crystallinity index (Ic) surface roughness, thermal stability and hybrophobic/hydrophilic character changed. Membranes with higher roughness were produced with HA added on the first and third day of fermentation process. The surface energy of BC/HA membranes was calculated and more hydrophilic membranes were produced by the addition of HA on the third and sixth day, also resulting in more thermally stable materials. The results demonstrate that bacterial cellulose/hyaluronic acid hybrid membranes can be produced in situ and suggest that HA interacts with the sub-elementary bacterial cellulose fibrils, changing the properties of the membranes. The study and understanding of the factors that affect those properties are of utmost importance for the safe and efficient use of BC as biomaterials in numerous applications, specifically in the biological field.
Subject(s)
Cellulose/chemistry , Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry , Membranes, Artificial , Bacteria/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Cellulose/chemical synthesis , Crystallography, X-Ray , Fermentation , Hyaluronic Acid/chemical synthesis , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistryABSTRACT
Polysaccharides (GNF) from Acacia mearnsii de Wild gum exudates, collected from trees growing in the south of Brazil, were characterized ((13)C and HSQC NMR, GC-MS, colorimetric assays). A commercial gum arabic (GAC) was analyzed similarly and compared with GNF. There were differences, consistent with distinct behavior in tensiometry tests and as emulsion stabilizer. GNF had a higher protein content than GAC, with small differences in the monosaccharide composition, the greater one being the lower uronic acid content of GNF (4%), compared with GAC (17%). GNF had a much broader molecular mass distribution, M(w)/M(n), and a lower M(w). GNF was more efficient in lowering the surface tension of water and saline solutions and was more efficient in emulsifying castor oil droplets. Results were discussed taking into account structural and molecular differences between the studied gums. It was concluded that polysaccharides from A. mearnsii de Wild are candidates as substitutes of currently commercialized arabic gums (Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal) having, depending on their application, improved properties.
