[Prospects of use of gene therapy in head trauma]. / Perspektivy ispol'zovaniia gennoi terapii pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

Neuronal injury may have one of the following three sequelae: death of the neurone, persistent atrophy or recovery. The ability of mature neurones to recover is dependent to a not inconsiderable degree on neurotrophins, on the basis of which consideration the following objective of genotherapy in craniocerebral injury (CCI) is formulated: achievement of therapeutically useful levels of expression of neutrophins by employment of genetical methodological approaches. The next prerequisite for institution of genotherapy in CCI is a proved dependance of CCI sequelae on individual genetic features, on APO E-genotype in particular, which fact suggests to us that specific correction is within the bounds of possibility. Another precondition for use of genotherapy in CCI is considered to be higher permeability of the blood-brain barrier in trauma, which even can facilitate the delivery of transgenes into the brain with the aid of those vectors the access of which to the central nervous system is limited under other conditions.

[Visualization of the effects of millimeter radiation on blood plasma]. / Vizualizatsiia deistviia millimetrovogo izlucheniia na plazmu krovi.

Experiments on millimeter wave radiation (range 37.5-78.5 Ghz incident radiation power density 1-10 mVt/cm2) upon index refraction of 2-10% water solution of human blood plasma are presented. Investigations were carried out by holographic interferometry with sufficient sensitivity for estimating the index refraction -10(-6). Index refraction variations in 2% water solution of human blood plasma are detected to be equal to 10(-4). Such index refraction variations upon millimeter wave is one order greater than that of the temperature effect and two order greater than the sensitivity of settlement. The mechanism of these phenomena is discussed.

[Polyamines as biochemical markers of the antiproliferative effect of inhibitors of polyamine and putrescine biosynthesis enzymes in L-cell tissue cultures]. / Poliaminy kak biokhimicheskie markery antiproliferativnogo deistviia ingibitorov fermentov biosinteza poliaminov i putrestsina v kul'ture tkani L-kletok.

Effects of inhibitors of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of putrescine and polyamines on growth of mice C3H strain transformed fibroblasts as well as on the intracellular content of putrescine and polyamines were studied. Putrescine and polyamines were estimated as dansyl derivatives using HPLC. DL-alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (F2MeOrn) and methyl glyoxalbis (quanyl hydrazone) (MGBG) were added to cultivation medium at final concentration 10(-4) M daily within 4 days. The cell culture was not treated within the following 3 days of the experiment. Distinct exceeding of spermidine content over concentrations of putrescine and spermine proved to be the specific property of L-cells growth in the culture. Amount of cells correlated strongly with intracellular content of spermidine and spermine (r = 0.964). Treatment of L-cells with F2MeOrn singly or in combination with MGBG led to 4- and 6-fold decrease in their growth rate, respectively. F2MeOrn altered content of polycations 2 days earlier in the cells which exhibited distinct correlation between putrescine and polyamines (r = 0.943). The rate of MGBG inhibition correlated distinctly with content of putrescine and polyamines (r = 0.953) as well as strong correlation between putrescine and polyamines content (r = 0.994) was detected after simultaneous effect of these inhibitors. This suggests that polyamines were involved in the antiproliferative action of the inhibitors studied and may be used as markers of cytostatics chemotherapeutic efficiency.

[Effect of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and of exogenous polyamines on the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor in a hepatocyte culture]. / Vliianie ingibitorov biosinteza poliaminov i ékzogennykh poliaminov na mitogennyi éffekt épidermal'nogo faktora rosta v kul'ture gepatotsitov.

It was established that difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) blocked the mitogenic response of hepatocytes to epidermal growth factor. This effect of inhibitors, especially DFMO, has been prevented by exogenic putrescine, spermidine or spermine. But neither blocking action of inhibitors nor preventing effect of polyamines associated with changes of epidermal growth factor binding to hepatocytes.

[Ratio of polyamine synthesis and oxidation enzymes during cell proliferation and differentiation]. / Sootnoshenie fermentov sinteza i okisleniia poliaminov v protsesse proliferatsii i differentsirovki kletok.

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) was studied for its effect on the aminoxidase activity in the culture media during proliferation and differentiation of mouse fibroblasts. Single introduction of difluoromethylornithine into the culture medium increases the polyamine oxidase activity during 12 to 24 hours after the action. In the subsequent periods DFMO in 0.1 to 1 mM concentrations inhibits the proliferation and differentiation, but 0.01 mM concentration leads to their acceleration, which correlates with higher or lower aminoxidase activities respectively in the culture media.

[Antiproliferative activity of difluoromethylornithine and the factors decreasing its effectiveness in malignant growth]. / Izuchenie antiproliferativnoi aktivnosti diftormetilornitina i nekotorykh faktorov, snizhaiushchikh ego éffektivnost' pri zlokachestvennom roste.

The inhibitory effect of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) synthesized by the authors on the activity of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and proliferation of microbial and mammalian cells in vitro was studied. The in vivo growth of ascite plasmocytoma of solid melanoma B-16 cells in mice was also effectively inhibited by DFMO. But the antiproliferative activity of DFMO in solid tumours was substantially lower. Such a decrease in the antitumour activity may be associated with polyamines released from necrotic areas of solid tumours. As the tumour cells "catch" the vitally important metabolites, their effect inside solid tumours is turned against the tumour cells themselves. The second reason of the decrease in the DFMO activity is adsorption of polyamines on the erythrocyte surface.

[Effect of serum polyamine oxidase on normal and tumor cells]. / Vliianie syvorotochnoi poliaminoksidazy na normal'nye i opukholevye kletki.

Serum polyamine oxidase was studied for its effect on normal and transformed fibroblasts, Erlich carcinoma, Zaidela hepatoma and experimental Svec leukaemia cells as well as on K-562 human leukaemia cells. It is found that the cell death was induced by dialdehydes generated by polyamine deamination. Autoradiographically it was shown that dialdehydes cross-link the cell plasma membranes. It is suggested that serum polyamine oxidase is one of the factors responsible for the phenomenon of constitutional resistance which provides subsequent realization of the long-term immune defence.