Age-related changes in cationic compositions of human cranial base bone apatite measured by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with scanning electron microscope (SEM).

One of the most common scientific methods to study the chemical composition of bone matter is energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). However, interpretation of the data obtained can be quite complicated and require a thorough understanding of bone structure. This is especially important when evaluating subtle changes of chemical composition, including the age-related ones. The aim of current study is to create a method of processing the obtained data that can be utilized in clinical medicine and use it to evaluate the age evolution of bone chemical composition. To achieve this goal, an elemental composition of 62 samples of cadaver compact bone, taken from the skull base (age: Me = 57.5; 21/91(min/max); Q1 = 39.5, Q3 = 73.75), was studied with EDS. We used the original method to estimate the amount of Mg2+ cations. We detected and confirmed an increase of Mg2+ cation formula amount in the bone apatite, which characterizes age-related resorption rate. Analysis of cation estimated ratio in a normative bone hydroxylapatite showed an increase of Mg2+ amount (R = 0.43, p = 0.0005). Also, Ca weight fraction was shown to decrease with age (R = - 0.43, p = 0.0005), which in turn confirmed the age-dependent bone decalcification. In addition, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were performed. EDS data confirmed the EPMA results (R = 0.76, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the proposed method can be used in forensic medicine and provide additional data to the known trends of decalcification and change of density and crystallinity of mineral bone matter.

[Analysis of the publications of the journal «Forensic medical examination¼ on the problem of identification from 1980 to 2018]. / Analiz publikatsii zhurnala «Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza¼ v oblasti issledovanii «identifikatsiya lichnosti¼ za period s 1980 po 2018 g.

The analysis of the publications of the journal "Forensic medical examination" in the field of research «identification¼ for the period from 1980 to 2018 is carried out. Using the scientometric method, we studied the dynamics of publications on the study of the development of the scientific direction in order to objectively evaluate its relevance and possible prospects. The results of the analytical study demonstrated a wide range of objects and research methods. The leading scientific development trends in the field of forensic medical identification of the person are established.

[Calculation of an individual's biological age with the use of the latest information technologies and construction of a promising intellectual hardware and software complex]. / Vychislenie biologicheskogo vozrasta individuuma s ispol'zovaniem noveishikh informatsionnykh tekhnologii i postroenie perspektivnogo intellektual'nogo programmno-apparatnogo kompleksa.

This paper demonstrates the need for an integrated approach to improve the accuracy of corpse age calculation based on measurements of a heterogeneous nature and conditions of partially distorted or incomplete data, using modern information intelligent technologies. A generalized algorithm developed on the basis of various mathematical methods of primary data processing and the extraction of different structures is presented, in addition to the reliability of the information.

[Histometric symptoms of age-sensitive changes of bone tissue.]

The study presents the results of a complex histomorphometric research of the features of the age-related dynamics of bone tissue. As a study material we used samples of the distal epiphysis and diaphysis of the left tibia from 348 corpses of males with a known age from 0 to 90 years. A group of microosteometric features, that have the strongest correlation with age, is established in different age groups; their quantitative characteristics are given. It is clarified that the trends of age-related changes in the structural components of bone tissue correspond to the basic patterns of growth, remodeling, depend on the species and their localization. Conceptual positions of age involution of bone tissue are proposed.