ABSTRACT
Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) has recently been conceptualized as the male form of Eating Disorders (ED); although, it is not currently classified as an ED. The current study compares etiological models of MD symptomatology and ED symptomatology. It was hypothesized that sociocultural influences on appearance (SIA) would predict body dissatisfaction (BD), and that this relationship would be mediated by self-esteem (SE) and perfectionism (P); that BD would predict negative affect (NA); and that NA would predict MD and ED symptomatology. Two-hundred-forty-seven female and 101 male college students at a midsouth university completed the study. All participants completed measures assessing each of the constructs, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test each model's fit. In both models, most predictor paths were significant. These results suggest similarity in symptomatology and etiological models between ED and MD.
Subject(s)
Body Dysmorphic Disorders/etiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Self Concept , Adolescent , Adult , Affect , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/psychology , Body Image , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Regression Analysis , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is a self-report instrument used to assess levels of fatigue and its effect on daily functioning. The FSS was normed on individuals with multiple sclerosis and has been used in studies examining such factors as obstructive sleep apnea and aerobic exercise. Current research has extended it to obese subjects to assess their level of fatigue in conjunction with a 16-week obesity treatment program. Participants were 118 females with an average age of 45.24 (SD = 11.44). The results yield high pre- and post-test reliability for the FSS and weight loss.
Subject(s)
Fatigue/diagnosis , Fatigue/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Body Weight , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Obesity/therapy , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Weight LossABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the psychometric properties of an adolescent version of the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP-A). METHOD: Male and female adolescents between 10-18 years completed the QEWP-A and measures of depression and eating attitudes. Height and weight were also measured. Parents completed a parental version (QEWP-P) that was referenced to their children. Adolescent and parent responses to the QEWP were independently categorized into no diagnosis (ND), nonclinical binge eating (NCB), and binge eating disorder (BED) groups. RESULTS: Adolescent and parental agreement over the diagnostic categories was as follows: 81.6% for ND, 15.5% for NCB, and 25% for BED with an overall kappa of. 19. Adolescents with BED had significantly higher levels of depression than the other two groups with NCB being higher than ND. For eating attitudes, BED adolescents were more deviant than the other two groups who did not differ from one another. DISCUSSION: The QEWP-A displayed adequate concurrent validity. The low overall agreement between adolescents and their parents was influenced by high and low base rates in the NCB and BED categories, respectively. This lack of agreement is consistent with other behavioral problems such as depression. The data suggest that parental perceptions of eating problems approximate those of their children when no problem is present. However, parents are not as likely to be aware of eating difficulties when they actually exist.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Body Weight , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Child , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychology, Adolescent , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
A sample of 32 obstructive sleep apnea patients (27 males, 5 females) was assessed with overnight polysomnography and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), an objective measure of daytime sleepiness. Patients also participated in a maximal exercise test, which served as an objective indicator of physical fatigue. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used as a subjective measure of fatigue. Subjective fatigue ratings were significantly correlated with percent of predicted maximum heart rate achieved during exercise testing, suggesting that self-reported fatigue in apnea patients may refer to reduced physical fitness. FSS scores and exercise testing results were not significantly correlated with the MSLT, indicating that daytime fatigue and daytime sleepiness are independent problems in apnea patients. Participants self-reported a high level of fatigue, and exercise testing revealed decreased physical work capacity among apnea patients, but objective and subjective indicators of fatigue were not significantly correlated with apnea severity. A higher percentage of REM sleep predicted greater work capacity.
