Phase method of measuring a signal in fiber-optic birefringence-type sensors.

A phase method of measuring the phase retardation that occurs in the fiber-optic birefringence-type sensor and that is caused by the signal to be detected has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The method is based on a nonmechanical low-frequency rotation of the light polarization plane at the input to the primary transducer of the sensor, which is provided by three incoherent light sources with their intensities modulated by periodic oscillations that are phase shifted by 2pi/3 rad with respect to one another. The phase-retardation measurement accuracy determined on an experimental basis was no worse than 0.1% full scale over a 2pi-rad range.

[The effect of the experimental modulation of hypothalamic function on the development of the immune process]. / Vliianie éksperimental'noi moduliatsii funktsional'nogo sostoianiia gipotalamusa na razvitie immunnogo protsessa.

The organism immunological reactivity can be modulated through hypothalamic structures by means of patterns reproducing their activity during a developed immune response in rabbits. The partial modulation of the pattern specific for 4-5 days of developed immune response, was found to be the most efficient in changing the organism reactivity.

[Extracorporeal xenospleen perfusion in vial-bacterial pneumonia in children]. / Ekstrakorporal'naia perfuziia ksenoselezenki pri virusno-bakterial'noi pnevmonii u detei.

Extracorporeal perfusion of xenospleen was used in the management of 11 critically ill children with acute multisegmental pneumonia. The first 24 h were characterized by progressive mounting in blood O2 saturation, optimization of hemodynamics and immune status, decrease of toxemia. On days 4-7 after perfusion stabilization of clinical, laboratory and functional indexes was observed. Radiological findings of pulmonary infiltration disappeared 10-14 days after sorption and all the patients were transferred to a somatic unit.

[The neurophysiological correlates of the immune reaction under the conditions of an altered immune response]. / Neirofiziologicheskie korreliaty immunnoi reaktsii v usloviiakh izmenennogo immunnogo otveta.

The functional state of the rabbit hypothalamic structures was studied during induction of immune tolerance and memory and after antigen administration in tolerant and nontolerant animals. Reaction of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus was the most obvious. Tolerant and nontolerant animals differed in their shifts of the DC potential level after i.v. injection of immunogen, the amplitude of the DC potential shifts being minimal in tolerant animals.

[The effect of adenosine and its derivatives on the dynamics of delayed activity and the calmodulin level in various structures of the brain]. / Vliianie adenozina i ego proizvodnykh na dinamiku medlennoi aktivnosti i uroven' kal'modulina v nekotorykh strukturakh golovnogo mozga.

The adenosine and A1-adenosine receptor agonists produced shifts of DC potential and decreased the calmodulin levels in the animal hypothalamus.

[Immunohistochemical analysis of splenic tissue in rats with destruction of the hypothalamic structures]. / Immunogistokhimicheskii analiz selezenochnoi tkani u krys s razrusheniem gipotalamicheskikh struktur.

The immunoenzyme histochemical technique to stain the IgM- and IgD-bearing cells was used to study the morphometric characteristics of B-lymphocyte-dependent zones in spleen white pulp of Wistar rats (intact, sham operated and after cortex or hypothalamic lesions). In the groups of sham-operated and cortex-lesioned rats it has been shown the increase of spleen weight 7 days after the operation due to the increase of the red pulp weight. The white pulp compartment's ratio is not affected. Lesioning of the posterior hypothalamic area prevents these effects of the operation, while local coagulation of the lateral hypothalamic area causes a significant decrease of the weight of spleen primary follicules which contain IgM+IgD+-bearing B-lymphocytes exerting characteristics of circulating pool of B-lymphocytes. These data are in favour of the CNS participation in regulation of B-lymphocyte migratory activity.

[Changes in the bioelectrochemical activity of the neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei in fever caused by endogenous pyrogen/interleukin-1]. / Izmenenie bioélektrokhimicheskoi aktivnosti neirosekretornykh iader gipotalamusa pri likhoradke, vyzvannoi éndogennym pirogenom/interleukinom-1.

Bioelectrochemical potentials of the rabbit hypothalamic supraoptic, paraventricular, suprachiasmatic nuclei, and medial preoptic area changed in a similar way in fever induced with i.v. administration of leucocytic pyrogen/interleukin I in all the structures due, probably, to their compact localization. The dynamics of bioelectrochemical activity coincided with that of rectal temperature derivative. The alterations of bioelectrochemical activity seem to reflect hypothalamic metabolic changes closely associated with effector mechanisms of thermoregulation in fever rather than with the temperature itself. The differences in the reaction patterns of neurosecretory nuclei are compared with changes in their vasopressin-synthetizing function during fever.

Spatial-temporal organization of subcortical brain functions during immune responses.

In the course of long-term experiments on rabbits, functional dynamics of subcortical structures were studied by recording background (DC) and evoked potentials (EP) during immune responses elicited to various antigens. During the first day of the immune response process to the different antigens, changes in hypothalamus functioning were similar and occurred with a latency of 9 to 31 min. Inductive and productive primary immune responses were accompanied by successive phasic changes in the functioning of a number of subcortical structures.

[Steady potential dynamics in hypothalamic structures in response to a tolerogen and an immunogen]. / Dinamika postoiannogo potentsiala v strukturakh gipotalamusa pri vvedenii toleragena i immunogena.

DC potential shifts due to induction of immune tolerance and immune memory were studied in hypothalamic structures. The lost capability of immune cooperation after tolerogen administration was accompanied by a monophasic negative shift of DC potential. Immunogen administration induced a positive shift of DC potential within 1-3 days. An immunogen fraction induced a pyrogenic response. There seems to be a correlation between the pyrogenic and immunogenic actions of antigens and the reorganization of hypothalamic neurons function.

[Space-time functional organization of the brain subcortical structures in the process of developing immune reactions]. / Prostranstvenno-vremennáia organizatsiia funktsii podkorkovykh struktur mozga v protsesse razvitiia immunnykh reaktsii.

The functional states of subcortical brain structures were investigated with the aid of DC potential and EPs in the course of immune response. Change of the hypothalamic structures' functional state was the same after different antigen immunization during the 1st day of immune process and the latency of this process varied from 9 to 13 min. The inductive and productive periods of primary immune response developed with successive phasic changes in a number of subcortical structures.

[Redox-dependent protonation of cytochrome oxidase hemes in submitochondrial particles of the bovine heart]. / Redoks-zavisimoe protonirovanie gemov tsitokhromoksidazy v submitokhondrial'nykh chastitsakh serdtsa byka.

Potentiometric titrations of cytochrome oxidase in bovine heart submitochondrial particles were carried out within the pH range 5.3-9.0 in the alpha-band of heme absorption. The data obtained were analyzed within a model of non-interacting hemes and in accordance with a "neoclassical" scheme implying heme--heme interactions between cytochromes a and a3. The individual pH-dependencies of half-reduction potentials of cytochromes a and a3 were determined. It was found that the redox-dependent protonation (the oxidation Bohr effect) is characteristic of the both cytochromes; however, the reduction of one of the hemes significantly diminishes the Bohr effect for the second heme. The redox transitions of cytochrome a are coupled to ionization of at least two heme-linked acid-base groups of the enzyme with pK1(red) in the acidic and pK2(ox) in the alkaline regions of pH, whereas the pH dependence of E0' for cytochrome a3 fits to the model containing one hemi-linked group with a pKred in the acidic region.

[Use of radiologic methods in the study of pancreatic arteries]. / Ispol'zovanie radiologicheskikh metodov v izuchenii arterii podzheludochnoi zhelezy

The intraorganic connections between separate arteries of the pancreas were studied in 26 dogs by methods of radioindication and radioisotope scanning. The results of measurings and the scannograms have shown the distribution of iodine-131 injected into the cranial pancreoduodenal artery to occur strictly within the limits of the head and the body of the pancreas. The radioactivity of tissues in the other parts of the pancreas was absent. The distribution of the isotope injected into the caudal pancreatic artery and into the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery was observed only in the uncinate process and in the caudal part of the gland. The data obtained show that in dogs the arteries of different parts of the pancreas are disconnected inside the organ.