[Contents of vitamin C, E, B6, beta-carotene and food fibers in of mushrooms]. / Soderzhanie vitaminov C, E, B6, beta-Karotina i pishchevikh volokon v gribakh.

For specification and entering of the data in to Tables of a chemical compound of foodstuff definition of the content of vitamins C, E, B6 beta-carotene and dietary fibers in some kinds of the mushrooms collected in woods of Moscow suburbs was carried out. The received data testify to high enough content in them of vitamin C, especiale in white mushrooms and "fox" 24.0 and 28.8 mg%. The content of vitamin E in terms of a tocopherol-equivalent has made from 0.03 to 0.98 mg%.

[Beta-carotene isomerization in various food products]. / Izomerizatsiia beta-karotina v razlichnykh pishchevykh produktakh.

The technique of division both quantitative definition a trans- and two cis-beta-carotene in the foodstuff, not containing an alpha-carotene is developed. Division is carried out by Open-chromatography on aluminium oxide by system acetone-hexane from 0 to 3% of acetone in hexane (ml/ml) with an interval of 0.25%. Using the developed technique, it is carried out determination trans- and cis-beta-carotene in foodstuff, past thermal processing (tomato juice, tomato paste and the products enriched with carotene (milk sterilized and dry, bread, oil vegetative). In the investigated products from 20 to 45% beta-carotene was in cis-from, that considerably reduces biological value of a product at an estimation in terms of retinol-equivalent.

[Dietetic canned food using ocean fish and plant components]. / Dieticheskie konservy na osnove okeanicheskikh ryb s fitodobavkami.

The results of the creating canned ground goods of a new kind are described in this article. The main character references of food value of hake and the canned ground foods based on it. It has been established that the new products of safety. Clinical tests have been showed the efficiency of including these canned goods in the menu of fat patients, also with heavy obesity. Dietetic canned ground foods on the base of oceanic fishes with plant additives.

[Use of high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of vitamin A in food products]. / Ispol'zovanie vysokoéffektivnoi zhidkostnoi khromatografii dlia opredeleniia vitamina A v pishchevykh produktakh.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for vitamin A assay in foods and raw materials. Metrological characteristics of this method have been estimated: relative standard deviation was 0.06-0.08, average recovery of vitamin A was 97.3 +/- 2.6 with n = 6, P = 0.95). The statistical analysis of the results obtained with HPLC has shown that it could be successfully used for vitamin A assay in varying foods containing no less than 0.01 mg of vitamin A per 100 g.

[Preservation of vitamins during preparation of dry specialized dairy products]. / Sokhrannost' vitaminov pri prigotovlenii sukhikh spetsializirovannykh produktov na molochnoi osnove.

Preservation of vitamins A, E, C, B6, B1, B2, B5, Bc was studied during preparation of dried special-purpose milk mixtures ("Solnyshko", "Inpitan", enpits, low-lactose mixtures) and after storage ("Inpitan", and low-lactose mixtures) during 1 year at 4 and 18 degrees C. It has been established that vitamins A, E and C are most subjected to deterioration during production of dried special-purpose mixtures, their losses comprise 17-47, 18-43, 13-41%, respectively. B2 and B5 were most resistant in the process of the mixture production. No significant losses of vitamins were recorded during storage of "Inpitan" and low-lactose mixtures.

[Method of simultaneous analysis of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene in dairy products]. / Metod odnovremennogo opredeleniia vitaminov A, E i beta-karotina v molochnykh produktakh.

A method has been suggested for simultaneous assay of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene in milk products. A specimen sample is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, then vitamins are extracted and separated in the column with aluminium oxide; for beta-carotene elution hexane is used, for vitamin E - acetone-hexane (10:90), for vitamin A - acetone-hexane (15:85). beta-carotene is assayed in hexane by absorption. Vitamin A and E fractions are evaporated, the residue is diluted in absolute alcohol, vitamin A is identified by absorption, vitamin E - by the colour Emmery-Engel reaction. The variation coefficient in the assay of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene was less than 10% in 5 out of 6 cases.

[Decreased count of small lymphocytes in the blood of patients with malignant bone tumors]. / Snizhenie soderzhaniia malykh limfotsitov v krovi bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi kostnymi opukholiami.

Blood small lymphocyte (not exceeding 7.5 micron in diameter) counts obtained from patients with malignant bone tumors in the course of primary examination were 40-75% those in healthy subjects. The said changes were registered only in some patients with osteoblastoclastoma; they were not observed in cases of trauma, osteomyelitis, sepsis, spontaneous osteolysis and chronic synovitis. The study failed to establish a correlation between blood small lymphocyte count, on the one hand, and concentrations of total, stable and active T-lymphocytes as well as autologous E-rosettes, on the other. In the course of separation of lymphocytes in percoll density gradients, small lymphocytes concentrated in high density fractions. Purified small lymphocytes of healthy subjects appeared to be mainly T-lymphocytes, particularly, "activated" ones. Proliferative response to PHA and production of interleukin-2 in cell cultures showing high levels of small lymphocytes were higher than in those with moderate or low concentration of the said cells. Small lymphocytes are considered to be a special subset of T-cells which exhibit high functional activity and may be identified only morphologically. Lowered counts of these cells are attributed to neoplastic growth.

[Comparative analysis of immune response indices in lung cancer]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz pokazatelei immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti pri rake legkogo.

In 43 patients with cancer of the lung, a number of immunologic indexes were evaluated including lymphocyte response to PHA, lymphokine production, serum immunoglobulin levels and the regulatory effect of sera and T-lymphocytes on lymphokine production. No significant deficiency in T- and B-lymphocytes was registered in patients with stage I-III cancer, nor any rise in TG cell level was in evidence. The response to PHA was low; however, the capacity to produce lymphokines in the presence of allogeneic or autologous tumor antigens was unimpaired. Purified T- and TG-cells isolated from blood or tumor tissue suppressed immune response in leukocyte migration inhibition test. However, this effect was not related to the increase in levels of these cells in the circulation. The autologous sera of practically all tumor-sensitized patients exerted a blocking effect in vitro. This effect was related neither to levels of serum immunoglobulins, nor to those of blood TG cells.

[Comparative analysis of immunoreactive indices in malignant and benign bone tumors]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz pokazatelei immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti pri zlokachestvennykh i dobrokachestvennykh opukholiakh kostei.

The paper discusses the results of a study of immunologic surveillance in patients with bone tumors. T-lymphocyte deficiency was found in 21-32% of cases only, while all patients showed changes in the level of some T-cell subpopulations and their ratio. Patients with malignant tumors (mostly osteosarcoma) revealed a lowered response to PHA and a high frequency of sensitization to tumor antigens. In those cases, serum, blood--circulating T-cells and tumor--infiltrating lymphocytes showed a suppressor activity. A moderately decreased response to PHA, a low frequency of sensitization to tumor antigens and a stimulating activity in serum, blood--circulating T-cells and lymphocytes were registered in cases of benign tumors (mainly giant cell tumors). Suppressor activity of blood T-lymphocytes was matched by a high level of TG cells, while stimulating effect--by a low one.

[Effect of cooking on vitamins in poultry and rabbit meat]. / Sokhrannost' vitaminov v miase ptitsy i krolikov pri kulinarnoi obrabotke.

The preservation of vitamins was examined upon different types of thermal culinary treatment of poultry and rabbit meat. The losses of vitamins upon thermal treatment are determined by their destruction in the course of cooking, as well as by the transfer to the boiling water or outflow with muscle juice and fat upon frying. One of the main factors that affects the preservation of vitamins is the the duration of thermal treatment. The preservation of individual vitamins in the dishes is different and varies depending on the type of culinary treatment. Thiamine, vitamin A and carotene were found to be the least preserved whatever the type of treatment. All the vitamins under test were found to be the most preserved (within 85-100%) upon chop frying.

[Vitamin content in groats before and after technological processing]. / Soderzhanie vitaminov v krupakh i pri ikh tekhnologicheskoi obrabotke.

Study into the content of vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and niacin) in groats (whole buckwheat, millet, rice, semolina) and in viscous and friable cereals cooked from them has shown that vitamin losses upon cooking largely depend on the type of culinary treatment. The main factor that determines vitamin losses during cereal cooking is the duration of heat treatment.

[Lymphocyte subpopulations in malignant bone tumors and their relation to the immune response to the tumor]. / Subpopuliatsii limfotsitov v kostnykh slokachestvennykh opukholiakh i ikh sviaz' s immunnym otvetom na opukhol'.

Comparative studies of the subpopulations of lymphocytes, isolated from the tumor tissue and blood of 15 osteosarcoma patients, showed that the total lymphocyte count in the neoplasms ranged from 0 to 19% of the total cell population. In various patients tumor lymphocytes were represented either mainly by T cells (up to 80% of lymphocytes) or by "null" cells lacking any surface markers. The population of lymphocytes with surface membrane immunoglobulins with complement and Fc receptors was usually low although the tumors contained up to 90% of nonlymphoid cells with the same markers. Lower (less than 60%) counts of blood T lymphocytes were found only in one third of osteosarcoma patients. The immune response of blood lymphocytes against living autologous tumor cells was found in 85% of the patients, and its intensity depended on the content of T lymphocytes in tumor but not in blood.

[Rheumatoid factor in oncological patients]. / Revmatoidnyi faktor u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

In sera of 20% of patients with tumors of different localization and histological type the rheumatoid factor (RF) was found, which more frequently occurs in patients with soft tissue tumors as compared with bone tumors. The blocking properties of the sera revealed by RBT to PHA and by RIML would show no correlation with the occurrence of RF in them. Water-salt extracts of some tumors contain RF, which occurrence correlates well with the concentration of tumor cells having receptors for Fc-site of IgG on their surface.

[In vitro immune response of patient lymphocytes to live autologous tumor cells]. / Immunnyi otvet in vitro limfotsitov bol'nykh na zhivye kletki autologichnoi opukholi.

In 87% of patients with malignant tumors and in 24% of patients with benign tumors there was found the in vitro immune response of lymphocytes to autologous tumor cells. Most of the autologous sera influenced the immune lymphocytes: those of malignant tumor patients usually blocked while those of benign tumor patients stimulated the immune reaction. Both the blocking and stimulating serum activities could be removed by absorption of the sera with living autologous tumor cells. Following the absorption intact sera of some patients with malignant tumors obtained the blocking capacity.

[Effect of the technological and culinary preparation on vitamin preservation in fish and in nonfishery products]. / Vliianie tekhnologicheskoi i kulinarnoi obrabotki na sokhrannost' vitaminov v rybe i produktakh nerybnogo promysla.

The content of vitamins A, E, C, B6, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and folacin was studied comparatively in some fish species during their preservation as frozen, salt and smoked products. The thiamine content was found to decrease during preservation of frozen and salt fish, while in smoked fish it preserved better. The uncut salt and smoked fish showed an increased content of vitamin A in its edible part at the expense of redistribution together with fat from the internal organs. The boiling of fish and non-fishery products changed the content of some vitamins. Vitamin losses were due both to their destruction at boiling and passage into the broth.

[Mechanisms of the potentiating and blocking effects of the sera from tumor patients in the leukocyte migration inhibition reaction model]. / Mekhanizmy usilivaiushchego i blokiruiushchego éffektov syvorotok opukholevykh bol'nykh na modeli RTML.

In the model of the reaction of human blood leucocyte migration inhibition the in vitro study was conducted on some mechanisms of blocking and enhancement effects of the serum in 54 tumor patients. Both effects were shown to be specific to an antigen. The enhancement effect could render a nonspecific action on intact cells in the presence of the corresponding antigen. This effect is thermolabile and may occur due to the interaction with cells. The blocking effect is thermostabile and may be realizied through interaction with the antigen, cells or both simultaneously. Some possible mechanisms of the manifestation of the blocking and enhancement effects are discussed.

[Nature of the blocking action of the sera of oncological patients on T-lymphocytes]. / Izuchenie prirody blokiruiushchego deistviia syvorotok onkologicheskikh bol'nykh na T-limfotsity.

Some sera of tumor patients render a blocking effect on the activity of autologous and allogenic T lymphocytes in blasttransformation test to PHA and spontaneous rosette-formation. The activity that block spontaneous rosette-forming reaction is directed against the population of postthymic peripheral lymphocytes but not that of thymocytes. No correlation was found between the serum activity, which block RSP and RBT, and antibodies to PHA, lymphocytotoxins, C-reactive protein and the rheumatoid factor.

[Effects of thymosin on human blood lymphocytes in vitro]. / Deistvie timozina na limfotsity krovi cheloveka in vitro.

The activity of thymosin obtained from calf thymus was examined in the tests in vitro: the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation, blasttransformation reaction to PHA and the reaction of leucocyte migration inhibition. It was demonstrated that the activity which stimulates T-lymphocytes would appear only in cases where donor lymphocytes show depletion in terms of rosette formation and blasttransformation. In some patients thymosin was found to produce the in vitro activation of cell anti-tumor immunity.