[Evaluation of the duration of fixation of adhesive products in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa]. / Otsenka dlitel'nosti fiksatsii adgezivnykh sredstv pri lechenii travmaticheskikh porazhenii slizistoi obolochki rta.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the duration of fixation of adhesive films in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, the affected area was covered with an adhesive film with solcoseryl, in the second group with a film with vitamin E. The film was glued to the affected area according to the instructions, the time of gluing was recorded, patients were warned about the need to notify researchers via messengers or SMS messages about the time of peeling or resorption of the film. The evaluation was carried out by the method of variation statistics (Student's t-test for independent samples). RESULTS: The retention time of the film in the oral cavity was expressed in minutes, the average value in group 1 was 48.4±9.19, in group 2 - 127.70±49.07. Thus, the fixation of the film with vitamin E was longer than the films with solcoseryl (p=0.000180). CONCLUSION: Both films provided sufficient protective effect during the retention period. However, in clinical situations where a longer barrier protective effect to the damaged oral mucosa surface is required, it is advisable to use a vitamin E healing patch.

Opinion research among Russian Physicians on the application of technologies using artificial intelligence in the field of medicine and health care.

BACKGROUND: To date, no opinion surveys has been conducted among Russian physicians to study their awareness about artificial intelligence. With a survey, we aimed to evaluate the attitudes of stakeholders to the usage of technologies employing AI in the field of medicine and healthcare and identify challenges and perspectives to introducing AI. METHODS: We conducted a 12-question online survey using Google Forms. The survey consisted of questions related to the recognition of AI and attitudes towards it, the direction of development of AI in medicine and the possible risks of using AI in medicine. RESULTS: 301 doctors took part in the survey. 107 (35.6%) responded that they are familiar with AI. The vast majority of participants considered AI useful in the medical field (85%). The advantage of AI was associated with the ability to analyze huge volumes of clinically relevant data in real time (79%). Respondents highlighted areas where AI would be most useful-organizational optimization (74%), biopharmaceutical research (67%), and disease diagnosis (52%). Among the possible problems when using AI, they noted the lack of flexibility and limited application on controversial issues (64% and 60% of respondents). 56% believe that AI decision making will be difficult if inadequate information is presented for analysis. A third of doctors fear that specialists with little experience took part in the development of AI, and 89% of respondents believe that doctors should participate in the development of AI for medicine and healthcare. Only 20 participants (6.6%) responded that they agree that AI can replace them at work. At the same time, 76% of respondents believe that in the future, doctors using AI will replace those who do not. CONCLUSIONS: Russian doctors are for AI in medicine. Most of the respondents believe that AI will not replace them in the future and will become a useful tool. First of all, for optimizing organizational processes, research and diagnostics of diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Education Center (IRB00010587).

[High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity Determinants on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease Before Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention].

OBJECTIVE: to determine impact of different laboratory and genetic factors on high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) during dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). METHODS: We included in this study 94 patients with stable ischemic heart disease (mean age 59±9.67 years). All patients underwent elective PCI with implantation of drug eluting stents at the background of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel. Platelet reactivity was assessed using light transmission aggregometry with 5 µmol/L ADP (LTA 5ADP) and VerifyNow assay before PCI. All patients underwent genotyping to detect CYP2C19 polymorphism. In 74 patients at baseline examination we determined levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCPR), soluble platelet-selectin (sP-selectin), soluble CD40­ligand (sCD40L), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and activity of von Willebrand factor. RESULTS: Incidence of HOPR according to LTA-5ADP was 16 % and VerifyNow - 24.5 %. Univariate regression analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with HPR determined by LTA-5ADP: body mass index (BMI) (p=0.02), levels of total cholesterol (CH) (p=0.01), low density lipoprotein CH (p=0.004), and sP-selectin (p=0.009), activity of von Willebrand factor (p=0.04). Carriage of CYP2C19*2 allele was also associated with HOPR (p=0.006). According to multivariate regression analysis body mass index and level of sP-selectin were independent predictors of HOPR during DAPT. CONCLUSIONS: HOPR determined by LTA was significantly associated with high BMI, levels of total and LDL CH, carriage of CYP2C19*2 allele, levels of hsCRP and sP-selectin. Independent factors significantly related to HORP were BMI and sP-selectin level.

Stroke etiology and collaterals: atheroembolic strokes have greater collateral recruitment than cardioembolic strokes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic hypoperfusion from athero-stenotic lesions is thought to lead to better collateral recruitment compared to cardioembolic strokes. It was sought to compare collateral flow in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) versus stroke patients with cervical atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (CASOD). METHOD: This was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected endovascular database. Patients with (i) anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, (ii) pre-treatment computed tomography angiography (CTA) and (iii) intracranial embolism from AF or CASOD were included. CTA collateral patterns were evaluated and categorized into two groups: absent/poor collaterals (CTA collateral score 0-1) versus moderate/good collaterals (CTA collateral score 2-4). CT perfusion was also utilized for baseline core volume and evaluation of infarct growth. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients fitted the inclusion criteria, of whom 88 (72%) had AF and 34 (27%) CASOD. Patients with AF were older (P < 0.01) and less often males or smokers (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01 respectively). Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were comparable between groups. Collateral scores were lower in the AF group (P = 0.01) with patients having poor collaterals in 28% of cases versus 9% in the CASOD group (P = 0.03). Mortality rates (20% vs. 0%; P = 0.02) were higher in the AF patients whilst rates of any parenchymal hemorrhage (6% vs. 26%; P < 0.01) were higher in the CASOD group. On multivariable analysis, CASOD was an independent predictor of moderate/good collaterals (odds ratio 4.70; 95% confidence interval 1.17-18.79; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Atheroembolic strokes seem to be associated with better collateral flow compared to cardioembolic strokes. This may in part explain the worse outcomes of AF-related stroke.

[ROENTGEN-ENDOVASCULAR EMBOLIZATION OF THE PORTAL VEIN BRANCHES AS A PATIENTS CONDITIONING FOR EXTENSIVE HEPATIC RESECTION].

The results of surgical treatment of 316 patients, suffering focal hepatic diseases, in whom for preoperative preparation a portal vein embolization (PVE) was performed, were analyzed. PVE was applied in a small planned hepatic residual volume. The patients have aged from 21 to 77 yrs, (57 ± 10.6) yrs at average. During (22 ± 7) days after the procedure a hypertrophy of a planned postresectional hepatic volume by 58.6% was observed, while a hypertrophy degree have depended on the embolization volume performed: 57.3%--after embolization of branches of C(V)-C(VIII) hepatic segments, 66%--the segments C(V)-C(VIII) + C(IV). In 281 (89%) patients the extensive hepatic resection was performed, a fatal postresection hepatic insufficiency was not observed. A three-year and five-year disease-free survival have constituted 43.8 and 16.4% accordingly. Thus, a PVE constitutes a miniinvasive intervention, permitting to achieve a planned residual hepatic volume, to expand a diapazon of application of radical extensive hepatic resection in patients, suffering focal hepatic diseases while a small planned residual hepatic volume.

Complete anterior cruciate ligament tear and the risk for cartilage loss and progression of symptoms in men and women with knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, a frequent incidental finding on magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) of individuals with established knee osteoarthritis (OA), increases the risk for further knee OA progression. METHODS: We examined 265 participants (43% women) with symptomatic knee OA in a 30-month, prospective, natural history study of knee OA. The more symptomatic knee was imaged using MRI at baseline, 15 and 30 months. Cartilage was scored at the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint and at the patellofemoral joint using the Whole-Organ MRI Score (WORMS) semi-quantitative method. Complete ACL tear was determined on baseline MRI. At each visit, knee pain was assessed using a knee-specific visual analog scale and physical function was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) physical function subscale. RESULTS: There were 49 participants (19%) with complete ACL tear at baseline. Adjusting for age, body mass index, gender and baseline cartilage scores, complete ACL tear increased the risk for cartilage loss at the medial tibiofemoral compartment [odds ratio (OR): 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 3.2]. However, following adjustment for the presence of medial meniscal tears, no increased risk for cartilage loss was further seen (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.6, 1.8). Knee pain and physical function were similar over follow-up between those with and without a complete ACL tear. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with knee OA and incidental complete ACL tear have an increased risk for cartilage loss that appears to be mediated by concurrent meniscal pathology. The presence of a complete ACL tear did not influence the level of knee pain or physical function over short-term follow-up.

Cigarette smoking and the risk for cartilage loss and knee pain in men with knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of smoking on cartilage loss and pain at the knee in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: 159 men with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis who participated in a 30-month, prospective, natural history study of knee osteoarthritis were examined. The more symptomatic knee was imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline, and again at 15 and 30 months of follow-up. Cartilage was scored using the Whole-Organ MRI Score semiquantitative method at the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints and at the patellofemoral joint. At baseline and follow-up visits, the severity of knee pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale pain score (0-100 mm). RESULTS: Among the 159 men, 19 (12%) were current smokers at baseline. Current smokers were younger (mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 62 (9) v 69 (9) years) and leaner (mean (SD) body mass index (BMI): 28.9 (3.2) v 31.3 (4.8) kg/m(2)) than men who were not current smokers. When adjusted for age, BMI and baseline cartilage scores, men who were current smokers were found to have an increased risk for cartilage loss at the medial tibiofemoral joint (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 5.4) and the patellofemoral joint (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.7). Current smokers also had higher adjusted pain scores at baseline (60.5 v 45.0, p<0.05) and at follow-up (59.4 v 44.3, p<0.05) than men who were not current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Men with knee osteoarthritis who smoke sustain greater cartilage loss and have more severe knee pain than men who do not smoke.

Activation of putative transposition intermediate formation in tumor cells.

The transcription levels of two families of mouse repetitive elements namely intracisternal A particle (IAP) genes, and B2 sequences were analyzed in different tumor cells and normal tissues. These sequences belong to two major classes of mobile elements present in the mouse genome. The Northern blots containing poly(A) + RNAs from tumor cells and normal tissues were hybridized to the cloned IAP gene and B2 sequence. The content of IAP gene transcripts in tumor cells is much higher than in normal cells. A 10- to 100-fold difference was found. The predominant IAP-gene specific RNAs in all investigated tumor cells were 9.5, 6.8 and 5.3 kb long. Additional RNA species were found in some of the tumors. The active synthesis of small cytoplasmic B2 RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III was also detected in most tumor cells tested. Usually it was higher than in normal cells. Free closed circular DNAs hybridizing to IAP gene probes were cloned from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. We speculate that the data obtained indicate the enhanced transposition of mobile elements in tumor cells which may be an important factor of tumor progression.

Major transcripts containing B1 and B2 repetitive sequences in cytoplasmic poly(A)+RNA from mouse tissues.

The cytoplasmic poly(A)+RNAs containing ubiquitous B1 and B2 repeats of the mouse genome in normal tissues and tumors have been studied. Only one strand of the repeats is represented in cytoplasmic RNA in all the cases. Some tumor cells were found to be enriched in 1.4 kb B1+mRNA, 1.6 kb B2+mRNA and small (0.2-04 kb) B1+ and B2+ poly(A)+RNAs. On the other hand, mouse liver and kidney contained high amounts of 2 kb B2+mRNA. Its content increased noticeably in the regenerating liver, but in hepatoma it dropped to a zero level. Thus, the switching on (or off) of B1- and B2-containing mRNAs occurred noncoordinately. At the same time, the activation of the synthesis of small B2+RNA and small B1+RNA was simultaneous.