ABSTRACT
Using a timed-breeding protocol, one group of female rhesus monkeys was implanted subcutaneously with osmotic minipumps containing 0.3 mg/kg/h cocaine (N=18) or saline (N=18) from day 24 postconception through gestation. Another group received cocaine (N=12) or saline (N=8) from conception through day 42 of gestation. Mean levels of cocaine in maternal serum were approximately 150 ng/ml during pregnancy. A total of 56 pregnancies were documented in 42 adult monkeys, and 39 pregnancies completed full-term. Maternal food consumption and body weight increased during pregnancy, and there were no significant differences among experimental groups. Although both groups with a history of cocaine exposure had lower survival rates compared to pair-fed controls, of the fetuses that survived, fetal heart rate, fetal biparietal diameter, and mean gestational length were in the normal range for all experimental groups. Similarly, body weight, biparietal diameter, body length, and modified Apgar scores at birth did not differ significantly among experimental groups. The results indicate that surviving fetuses exhibited normal growth.
Subject(s)
Cocaine/toxicity , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/toxicity , Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects , Animals , Apgar Score , Body Weight/drug effects , Cocaine/blood , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/blood , Drug Implants , Eating/drug effects , Female , Fetus/anatomy & histology , Heart/drug effects , Heart/growth & development , Heart Rate, Fetal/drug effects , Macaca mulatta , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Progesterone/bloodABSTRACT
The sources of stress among police detectives were explored. Type A behavior was found to be a major precursor of self-perceived mental ill health. The organization of the detective service and environmental influences (e.g., the courts) were found to be major determinants of stress-related illnesses among detectives, with detective sergeants being particularly vulnerable to role-related stress.
