ABSTRACT
In 7 obese patients with an overweight of 53 +/- 19% of Broca we found a 2-fold enlarged apparent volume of distribution and a nearly 2-fold prolonged elimination halflife of hexobarbital; the hexobarbital plasma clearance however, which is nearly identical with the metabolizing capacity of the liver for hexobarbital, was not decreased. Phenobarbital induced the microsomal drugmetabolizing enzyme system in the fatty liver of genetically obese mice in the same way 2-3-fold as in the non-fatty liver of the lean littermates.
Subject(s)
Hexobarbital/metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Enzyme Induction , Fatty Liver/enzymology , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Obese , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Middle Aged , Phenobarbital/metabolismSubject(s)
Ileum/surgery , Jejunum/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Animals , Body Weight , Dipeptidases/analysis , Disaccharidases/analysis , Fatty Liver/etiology , Ileum/microbiology , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Jejunum/enzymology , Jejunum/microbiology , Male , Obesity/surgery , Rats , alpha-Glucosidases/analysisABSTRACT
Rats with chronic uremia following five-sixths nephrectomy showed a significant fall in the sucrase and maltase activities in the small intestinal mucosa, the lactase and cellobiase activities in contrast remained uninfluenced. The activity of the L-leucyl-L-proline and L-methionyl-L-proline dipeptidases in the small intestinal mucosa was significantly increased, while the activities of seven other dipeptidases studied were unaffected. The mucosal protein and DNA content likewise remained unchanged. Occasional slight alterations of the mucosa were the only finding at histology.
Subject(s)
Intestine, Small/enzymology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/enzymology , Animals , Blood Urea Nitrogen , DNA/metabolism , Dipeptidases/metabolism , Disaccharidases/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Male , Proteins/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
The activity of the alpha-amylase was estimated in the parotid resting saliva of 17 subjects without evidence of pancreatic disease, 17 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis in the intervals between acute attacks, and also in 4 patients with acute pancreatitis and 3 patients with an acute attack of chronic relapsing pancreatitis. In the patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis between attacks the concentration, output and specific activity of the salivary amylase were significantly lowered. The patients with acute pancreatitis exhibited salivary amylase concentrations in the uppper normal to grossly supranormal range, whereas those of the patients with acute attacks of chronic relapsing pancreatitis were distinctly reduced. Unlike the amylase output, the amylase concentration was independent of the rate of salivary flow. Simultaneous infusion of secretin and pancreozymin produced a significant increase in the parotid salivary amylase levels in both the patients without pancreatic disease and in those with chronic relapsing pancreatitis between acute attacks.
