[Modern endourological technologies new opportunities in the treatment of patients with urinary tract anomalies and in complex clinical cases].

The clinical examples of the use of modern endoscopic minimally invasive technologies in patients with urinary tract anomalies and in complex clinical cases are presented in the article. The techniques and features of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), antegrade ureteroscopy using f lexible scope in this category of patients are discussed. The paper confirms the efficiency and necessity of further development of endourological methods for the treatment of urolithiasis.

[Use of an ex vivo technique in a patient with renal arteriovenous malformation in complication endovascular treatment]. / Ispol'zovanie tekhniki ex vivo u patsienta s arteriovenoznoi mal'formatsiei pochek pri oslozhnenii éndovaskuliarnogo lecheniia.

Renal arteriovenous malformation is a rarely encountered disease characterized by the presence of a direct arteriovenous shunt between the renal artery and vein. This nosology was first described by Varela in 1928, and by 1997 the number of such cases amounted to slightly more than 200. Endovascular closure of a fistula seems to be an attractive method of treatment in view of low traumaticity and a short period of rehabilitation. However, as shown by our case report, this type of intervention in large-diameter fistulas may be associated with the development of life-threatening complications. In case of rupture of the renal capsule and/or arteriovenous aneurysm, radical nephrectomy, unfortunately, remains to be a method of choice. Described below is a case concerning treatment of a female patient presenting with bilateral arteriovenous malformations and the world's first emergency operation for a ruptured intraparenchymatous arteriovenous aneurysm using an extracorporeal technique.

[Extracorporeal partial nephrectomy under pharmaco-cold ischemia for renal cell carcinoma]. / Ékstrakorporal'naia rezektsiia pochki v usloviiakh farmakokholodovoi ishemii pri pochechno-kletochnom rake.

AIM: To develop the method for extracorporeal partial nephrectomy under pharmaco-cold ischemia without ureter intersection with orthotopic replantation of renal vessels for RCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients with morphologically confirmed RCC pT1a-Т3bN0M0-1G1-3 with intraparenchymal and central location of the tumor in cases of single kidney, comorbidity of contralateral kidney and kidney on the side of lesion. RESULTS: Mean surgery time was 413.97±89.14 minutes. Mean time of warm ischemia was 8.39±4.75 minutes, cold ischemia - 151.41±41.29 minutes. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were detected in 3 (8.1%) and 18 (48.6%) patients respectively. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal partial nephrectomy under pharmaco-cold ischemia without ureter intersection with orthotopic replantation of renal vessels for RCC is a relatively safe organ-sparing treatment. It provides resection of large tumors with any location under prolonged cold ischemia without ureter intersection.