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Clin Exp Immunol ; 196(3): 403-414, 2019 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30712266

ABSTRACT

B cells have various functions, besides being plasma cell precursors. We determined the presence of intragraft B cells at time of acute rejection (AR) and looked for correlates of B cell involvement in peripheral blood. Renal biopsies at time of AR or stable graft function were analysed for the presence of B cells and B cell-related gene expression, as well as C4d staining. Peripheral blood B cell subset distribution was analysed at various time-points in patients with AR and controls, alongside serum human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. AR was accompanied by intragraft CD20+ B cells, as well as elevated CD20 (MS4A1) and CD19 gene expression compared to controls. B cell infiltrates were proportional to T cells, and accompanied by the chemokine pair C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13)-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and B cell activating factor (BAFF). Peripheral blood memory B cells were decreased and naive B cells increased at AR, in contrast to controls. While 22% of patients with AR and 5% of controls showed de-novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA), all biopsies were C4d-negative. These results suggest a role for B cells in AR by infiltrating the graft alongside T cells. We hypothesize that the shift in peripheral blood B cell composition is related to the graft infiltration at time of AR.


Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Survival/immunology , Kidney Transplantation , Kidney/pathology , Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Antigens, CD20/metabolism , Blood Circulation , Cell Movement , Chemokine CXCL13/metabolism , Female , Humans , Immunologic Memory , Isoantibodies/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Transplantation, Homologous , Young Adult
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