ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study whether job strain, that is, psychological job demands and decision latitude, and sleep disturbances among persons with occasional neck/shoulder/arm pain (NSAP) are prognostic factors for having experienced at least one episode of troublesome NSAP, and to determine whether sleep disturbances modify the association between job strain and troublesome NSAP. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based cohort of individuals with occasional NSAP (n=6979) who answered surveys in 2006 and 2010. OUTCOME MEASURES: Report of at least one episode of troublesome NSAP in 2010. RESULTS: The ORs for troublesome NSAP at follow-up were in individuals exposed to passive jobs 1.2 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4); to active jobs 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.5); to high strain 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.4); to mild sleep disturbances 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.6) and to severe sleep disturbances 2.2 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.0). High strain and active jobs were associated with having experienced at least one episode of troublesome NSAP during the previous 6â months in persons with sleep disturbances, but not in individuals without sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that high strain, active jobs and sleep disturbances are prognostic factors that should be taken into account when implementing preventive measures to minimise the risk of troublesome NSAP among people of working age. We suggest that sleep disturbances may modify the association between high strain and troublesome NSAP.
Subject(s)
Arm , Musculoskeletal Pain/etiology , Neck Pain/etiology , Occupational Diseases/complications , Shoulder Pain/etiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications , Stress, Psychological/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Neck Pain/epidemiology , Prognosis , Shoulder Pain/epidemiology , Sweden , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess reliability of the Ariel Computerized Exercise System (ACES) "multifunction exerciser". Twenty-three healthy women completed three sets, three repetitions each, of maximal isokinetic supine bench press at two different velocities, slow (10/s) and moderate (25/s). The following performance parameters were studied: peak and average force, peak and average power, and total work. The experiment was repeated for two days. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC[2,1]) varied between 0.947 and 0.755 at 10 degrees/s and between 0.861 and 0.654 at 25 degrees/s. The standard error of the measurement (SEM), the smallest detectable difference (SDD), and the coefficient of variation (CV) indicated that it is possible to achieve reliable and clinically relevant measurements with the ACES.
