ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the characteristics of children and adolescents treated for external causes in an emergency service. Method this is a retrospective, analytical study, developed in the emergency department of a sentinel hospital in southern Brazil. Seventy-nine children and adolescents, victims of external causes, participated in June to December 2018. Data were collected through access to medical records in May 2019. Descriptive analysis, frequency comparison and Odds Ratio were used to measure the association between the variables studied. Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% and P value of 5% were used. Results approximately 9.3% of pediatric emergency and emergency care were due to external causes; of these, 57% of the victims are under 12 years old and most of them are male (67%). Accidents are the most frequent events (71%), but violence is more frequent (61%) among women (p=0.002). The chance of violence is four times higher in women, especially self-inflicted violence/suicide attempts. Conclusion one out of ten pediatric emergency care is due to external causes, and emerging situations of violence and self-inflicted injuries stand out, a direct implication for public policies.
RESUMEN Objetivo analizar las características de los niños, niñas y adolescentes atendidos por causas externas en un servicio de urgencias. Método estudio analítico retrospectivo realizado en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital centinela del sur de Brasil. 79 niños y adolescentes, víctimas de causas externas, participaron de junio a diciembre de 2018. Los datos se recolectaron mediante acceso a historias clínicas, en mayo de 2019. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo, comparación de frecuencias y Odds ratio. Para medir la asociación entre las variables estudiadas. El intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% y el valor p del 5%. Resultados aproximadamente el 9,3% de la atención pediátrica de urgência se debió a causas externas; de ellos, el 57% de las víctimas son menores de 12 años y la mayoría son hombres (67%). Los accidentes son los eventos más frecuentes (71%), pero la violencia es más frecuente (61%) entre las mujeres (p=0,002). La probabilidad de violencia es cuatro veces mayor en las niñas, especialmente violencia autoinfligida/intentos de suicidio. Conclusión una de cada diez visitas a urgencias pediátricas se debe a causas externas, se destacan las situaciones emergentes de violencia y autolesiones, una implicación directa para las políticas públicas.
RESUMO Objetivo analisar as características de crianças e adolescentes atendidos por causas externas em um serviço de emergência. Método estudo retrospectivo, analítico, desenvolvido no serviço de emergência de um hospital sentinela no sul do Brasil. Participaram 79 crianças e adolescentes, vítimas de causas externas, nos meses de junho a dezembro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio de acesso aos prontuários, no mês de maio de 2019. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, comparação de frequência e Odds ratio para medir a associação entre as variáveis estudadas. O Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95% e Valor de p de 5%. Resultados cerca de 9,3% dos atendimentos de urgência e emergência pediátricas foram por causas externas; destes, 57% das vítimas têm menos de 12 anos de idade e maioria do sexo masculino (67%). Os acidentes são os eventos mais frequentes (71%), porém a violência é mais frequente (61%) ao sexo feminino (p=0,002). A chance de violência é quatro vezes maior em meninas, especialmente as violências autoprovocadas/tentativas de suicídio. Conclusão um em cada dez atendimentos em emergência pediátrica é decorrente de causas externas, destaca-se as emergentes situações de violência e lesões autoprovocadas, implicação direta para políticas públicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Child Health , Emergency Nursing , Adolescent Health , Emergency Medical Services , External CausesABSTRACT
The effects of psychoactive substance abuse are not limited to the user, but extend to the entire family system, with children of substance abusers being particularly at risk. This meta-analysis attempted to quantify the longitudinal relationship between parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use and child well-being, investigating variation across a range of substance and well-being indices and other potential moderators. We performed a literature search of peer-reviewed, English language, longitudinal observational studies that reported outcomes for children aged 0 to 18 years. In total, 56 studies, yielding 220 dependent effect sizes, met inclusion criteria. A multilevel random-effects model revealed a statistically significant, small detriment to child well-being for parental substance abuse over time (r = .15). Moderator analyses demonstrated that the effect was more pronounced for parental drug use (r = .25), compared with alcohol use (r = .13), tobacco use (r = .13), and alcohol use disorder (r = .14). Results highlight a need for future studies that better capture the effect of parental psychoactive substance abuse on the full breadth of childhood well-being outcomes and to integrate substance abuse into models that specify the precise conditions under which parental behavior determines child well-being.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017076088.
Subject(s)
Nicotiana , Substance-Related Disorders , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking , Child , Child Welfare , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , ParentsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Teeth are often included in the radiation field during head and neck radiotherapy, and recent clinical evidence suggests that dental pulp is negatively affected by the direct effects of radiation, leading to impaired sensitivity of the dental pulp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct effects of radiation on the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp of patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy. METHODS: Twenty-three samples of dental pulp from patients who finished head and neck radiotherapy were analyzed. Samples were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphologic evaluation of the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis of proteins related to vascularization (CD34 and smooth muscle actin), innervation (S-100, NCAM/CD56, and neurofilament), and extracellular matrix (vimentin) of the dental pulp was performed. RESULTS: The morphologic study identified preservation of the microvasculature, nerve bundles, and components of the extracellular matrix in all studied samples. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the morphologic findings and showed a normal pattern of expression for the studied proteins in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: Direct effects of radiotherapy are not able to generate morphologic changes in the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix components of the dental pulp in head and neck cancer patients.
