1.
BMJ Case Rep
; 20182018 May 29.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29844035
ABSTRACT
Keratinising squamous cell metaplasia (KSCM) is an uncommon diagnosis in the West. Patients typically present with lower urinary tract symptoms: haematuria (visible and non-visible), dysuria, urgency and frequency. Investigation is rigid cystoscopy. Abnormal bladder wall tissue should be resected and biopsies sent for histopathology to confirm KSCM. This is a preneoplastic condition with strong associations with squamous cell carcinoma. Due to a significant lag time, annual cystoscopy with multiple biopsies is recommended.