ABSTRACT
We demonstrate a long-period grating whose resonance varies in strength but remains fixed in wavelength with either temperature or strain. Using this fiber-grating sensor, we resolved a change of 1 muepsilon of strain or 0.04 degrees C in temperature. Such sensors require no spectrometer or other frequency-selective components and can operate in real time.
ABSTRACT
By measuring the photosensitivity of Ge-doped silica fibers over the 3.4-5.4-eV spectral range and from T=95 K to T=375 K , we demonstrate that different physical mechanisms take place depending on whether H(2) is present. Without H(2) the principal photosensitivity pathway involves excitation of a germanium oxygen-deficient center to its triplet state. In H(2) -loaded fibers the UV light excites the regular Ge-O bond, which then reacts with H(2) to produce Si-OH or Ge-OH and a GeE(') center.
ABSTRACT
Using 334-nm light, we demonstrate side writing of Bragg gratings with an index change of ~10(-4) in germanium-doped fibers. No hydrogen loading of the fibers was required. These gratings have the same temperature stability as gratings fabricated with 240-nm light. Our results suggest that photoionization is not needed for formation of gratings in Ge-doped glass. We observe an enhancement of the 334-nm photosensitivity in boron-codoped fibers and suggest that B facilitates a structural transformation of the glass.
ABSTRACT
We present three-dimensional, high-contrast maps of 180 degrees domains hidden inside photorefractive crystals of BaTiO(3). Some domains are columns that run the entire length of the crystal, whereas others are short needles that begin predominantly on the -c surface but disappear inside the crystal bulk.
