ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will summarize the symptoms, evaluation, and treatment of neonatal and iatrogenic withdrawal syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: Buprenorphine is emerging as the drug of choice for maintaining opioid-dependent women during pregnancy, because of its association with less severe withdrawal symptoms. Recent findings suggest it may be the drug of choice for treating the opioid-exposed neonate as well. SUMMARY: Healthcare workers should be cognizant of the risk factors for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), as well as its symptoms, so that nonpharmalogic and pharmacologic therapies can be initiated. With increased emphasis on pain control in children, it is likely that iatrogenic withdrawal will continue to be a concern, and healthcare workers should understand the similarities and differences between this and NAS.
Subject(s)
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/diagnosis , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Buprenorphine/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/etiology , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/therapy , Opiate Substitution Treatment/methods , Risk Factors , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/etiology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent research on the management of acute procedural pain in pediatric patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Pediatric patients experience pain with the same or greater intensity as their adult counterparts. Recent studies have acknowledged the importance of people's beliefs about pain and of a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment and treatment of acute pain. SUMMARY: Pediatric patients experience pain from procedures related to their care. Pediatricians should educate themselves regarding the accurate assessment of pain, and the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods of managing acute pain.
Subject(s)
Acute Pain/etiology , Acute Pain/therapy , Analgesia/methods , Pain Management/methods , Acute Pain/diagnosis , Adolescent , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Pain Measurement/methods , Pediatrics/methodsABSTRACT
To our knowledge this is the first reported case of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome. We describe a classic clinical presentation of POTS in an adolescent male with Klinefelter syndrome. Although the etiology of POTS appears to be multifactorial, there is a strong female predominance that suggests a genetic basis. Our patient with Klinefelter syndrome may further support a link with POTS to the X chromosome.
