The Influence Of Intrauterine Pressure On Embryo Retention In A Catheter After Embryo Transfer.

The retention of the embryo in the transfer catheter after embryo transfer (ET) during in vitro fertilization is a very common phenomenon, encountered by even the most experienced operators, and embryos retained in the transfer catheter or its sleeve require a repeat transfer. The exact mechanism of embryo retention has not been explained. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of embryo retention in the catheter during embryo transfer by using a transparent uterus model equipped with pressure sensors and a video recorder. The results indicate that pressure changes in the uterine cavity during ET can influence the distribution of the transferred fluid containing the embryo. Under certain conditions, the transferred fluid can flow backward in the catheter, which may lead to retention of the embryo in the catheter.

[Influence of naloxone on uterine contractions in patients with primary dysmenorrhea]. / Wplyw naloksonu na czynnosc skurczowa macicy u pacjentek z pierwotnym zespolem bolesnego miesiaczkowania.

UNLABELLED: Dysmenorrhea is a common condition among women in childbearing age. An increased uterine contractions, resulting among others from increased vasopressin and oxitocin secretion, is considered as a main cause of the primary dysmenorrhea. The endogenous opioids play the important role in the control of oxytocin and vasopressin release from the pituitary gland. Naloxone is a selective opioid receptor antagonis. So far, there is not much data on naloxone effect on uterine contractions. The aim of study was to determine the influence of naloxone on uterine contractions in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 10 female patients with primary dysmenorrhea included into the study. The uterine contractions had been recorded for 30 minutes before and 2 hours after injection of naloxone at the first day of menstruation. RESULTS: The intrauterine pressure recordings revealed a severe spontaneous uterine contractions, with high frequency and amplitude, at the time of dysmenorrhea. An intravenous administration of naloxone decreased uterine contractile activity and pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Naloxone acting on central nervous system decreases the uterus contractions in the patients suffering from dysmenorrhea. Unexplained mechanisms and multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea indicates a need for the further studies on this subject.

[Influence of functional status of ovaries on results of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation]. / Wplyw stanu czynnosciowego jajników na wyniki kontrolowanej hiperstymulacji hormonalnej.

UNLABELLED: The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is an integral part of infertility treatment. Its main objective is to obtain oocytes with a highest developmental potential. The stimulation protocols involving the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and gonadotropins are considered as the most efficient. Despite many years of use, some aspects of controlled ovarian stimulation has not yet been clarified, especially the role of the functional status of ovaries before hormonal stimulation. The aim of study was to assess the influence of the functional status of ovaries on the results of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included female patients suffering from infertility The patients were divided into two groups depending on ultrasonographic appearance of ovaries before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. The patients with small antral follicles < 6 mm in diameter were selected into group I. The patients with five or more antral follicles > or = 8 mm in diameter in each ovary were included into group II. The patients from both groups underwent similar treatment process. The major area of interest was the number, type and quality of oocytes obtained from patients from both groups after ovarian puncture. RESULTS: A retrospective study was conducted on 635 infertile patients (group I 382, group II 253). Altogether, 4055 oocytes were obtained in the group I and 2555 oocytes in the group II. The mean number of MII oocytes in group I was 9,2 and 8,7 in group II; p < 0.05. There were significantly more MI oocytes in group I than II. The mean numbers of immature oocytes were comparable between groups. The athretic and dysmorphic oocytes were more prevalent in group II. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicates that the functional status of ovaries before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation plays pivotal role for the treatment outcome.

[Etiopathogenesis of dysmenorrhea]. / Etiopatogeneza zespolu bolesnegomiesiaczkowania.

Dysmenorrhea is a common and frequently disabling condition among women of childbearing age. Based on results of large epidemiological studies, it is estimated that over a half of the population of young women suffers from dysmenorrhea. In spite of such a high frequency of this condition, its literature. Pain and lower abdominal cramps are among the most common causes for gynecological referral. Dysmenorrhea is sometimes associated with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, headache, back pain, and dizziness. The exact cause of the disorder is not completely understood. However, there are many known factors that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea. The most important are: excessive uterine contractility, disturbances in uterine blood supply, synthesis of prostaglandins and anatomical abnormalities of the female reproductive tract. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual bleedings in the absence of any detectable underlying pathology. Secondary dysmenorrhea represents the clinical situation where menstrual pain can be related to an underlying disease, disorder, or structural abnormality either within or outside the uterus. Unexplained mechanisms and multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea indicate a vivid need for further studies on this subject.

[Influence of the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with the dietary supplementation on sperm parameters]. / Wplyw skojarzonego leczenia przeciwzapalnego, przeciwbakteryjnego i antyoksydacyjnego oraz suplementacji zywieniowej mwzczyzn na jakosc nasienia.

UNLABELLED: The severe oligospermia and lukocytospermia is diagnosed among 25-40% of the infertile patients despite the absence of any clinical manifestation of the inflammatory process. The white blood cells are the main source of the free oxidative radicals, which can injure the cell membranes and the sperm DNA integrity influencing the reproductive potential of the male gametes. The aim of study was to assess the influence of the anti-inflammatory anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with the dietary supplementation on sperm parameters in the patients with severe oligospermia and lukocytospermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with a severe oligospermia and leukocytospermia were qualified into the study. The anti-inflammatory anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with dietary supplementation was applied for 90 days. The sperm analysis was performed before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The mean volume of sperm samples and spermatozoa concentration were comparable before and after treatment. The leukocyte concentration was significantly lower after the therapy. There were significantly more spermatozoa in the fast and slow forward movement, less spermatozoa without movements and comparable concentration in spermatozoa in slow undirected movement after applied treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative treatment combined with dietary supplementation in the patients with severe oligospermia and lukocytospermia improves the sperm movement parameters and reduces the inflammatory response. Therefore, it might be beneficial to patient suffering from the infertility.

[Thrombosis in the course of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]. / Zespól Hiperstymulacyjny Powiklany Zakrzepica.

A 28-year-old woman sought medical advice in the gynecology department because of infertility. Based on the results of the infertility workup, it was decided to apply in vitro fertilization treatment in her case. On the 12th day after embryo transfer, the patient was admitted to hospital because of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, and difficulties in breathing. The diagnosis was early pregnancy and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). After conservative treatment, the OHSS symptoms disappeared, and she was discharged in a good condition. However, nine days later the patient was readmitted due to a dull pain in her left shoulder, radiating onto the neck and left arm. Ultrasound examination revealed a thrombotic clot at the junction of the left external jugular vein and subclavian vein. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin was initiated. After 21 days of medication, the patient's symptoms resolved and, further, her pregnancy continued without complications. Although thromboembolic events are not frequently encountered in the course of OHSS, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy should be considered in all such patients.