Membrane Transporters and Carriers in Human Seminal Vesicles.

Seminal vesicles play an important role in the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid and thus adequate environment for sperm. However, mechanisms underlying secretory functions of the seminal vesicles' epithelium have not been defined yet. The aim of the present study was to characterize expression and immunolocalization of selected membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicles. The study included biopsy specimens collected from non-affected parts of seminal vesicles from 53 patients of Caucasian origin subjected for prostatectomy. RT-PCR was used to define expression of 15 genes coding for ABC-family and 37 genes encoding 37 SLC-family transporters/carriers. Immunohistochemistry was used to define localization of 6 transporters. In the seminal vesicles, the following membrane transporters and carriers were defined: ABCA1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCB6, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCC6, ABCG2, SLC01C1, SLC02B1, SLC04A1, SLC04C1, SLC10A1, SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC19A1, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC28A1, SLC2A9, SLC33A1, SLC47A1, SLC47A2, SLC51A, SLC51B, SLC7A5, SLC7A6. Age-dependent expression was evidenced for ABCB1, ABCG2, SLC04C1, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC47A1 and SLC47A2. ABCG2, P-gp, MRP1, MRP3, MCT1 and LAT1 were localized in the apical membrane and P-gp in the basolateral membrane of the seminal vesicle epithelium. The expression of the membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicle epithelium confirms its secretory and barrier functions.

Extended Boari-flap technique as a reconstruction method of total ureteric avulsion.

Indication has led ureteroscopy to be a worldwide technique, with the expected appearance of multiple complications. The ureteral avulsion is an uncommon severe urological complication of ureteroscopy (URS). Surgery in patients with a total ureteral loss is a demanding challenge for urologist. It requires usually immediate open or laparoscopic intervention. This case report was to present the treatment modality after ureteral avulsion. We have presented a case of 58-year-old male patient who underwent a successful repair of an upper ureteral injury. We have comprehensively described the effectiveness of an extended Boari-flap procedure for reconstruction after iatrogenic ureteral trauma. Particularly in an unexpected and casual situations, the presented extended Boari flap modification can be a great alternative for reconstructing a total ureteral loss. In conclusion we have recommend useful tips, how to counteract such unwanted events.

Assessment of the infiltrative character of bladder cancer at the time of transurethral resection: a single center study.

INTRODUCTION: Determining the clinical stage of bladder carcinoma before radical cystectomy is characterized by a high inaccuracy rate. The discrepancy in some reports reaches up to 48%. Therefore intraoperative clinical staging of bladder carcinoma is not recommended before radical treatment as it is for prostate cancer. However, the accuracy of clinical assessment of the muscle invasive character of the tumors at the time of transurethral resection has not been studied. In our study we estimate the accuracy of clinical staging during endoscopic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 332 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of bladder cancer were studied in this retrospective analysis. Data such as age, gender, presence of hydronephrosis, operator, the results of bimanual bladder examination, TURB report and pathologic report, were collected from each patient. Intraoperative prediction of the muscle invasive nature of the tumor was compared with pathological reports. A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of particular variables on upstaging and downstaging. RESULTS: Overall accuracy between clinical and histopathology staging was 87.8%. Discrepancy was observed only in 36 patients. Patients with pTa stage were the most numerous group among patients with accurate prediction of the muscle invasiveness character of the tumor. Univariable logistic regression indicated that the presence of a palpable mass in the bimanual examination was a predictor of upstaging, with an OR 11.75 CI95% [2.49-55.32]. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated the high accuracy between clinical and pathological reports. Intraoperative evaluation of tumor character should be an indispensable part of treatment, which can be useful for planning in advance the further stages of treatment.