Thermodynamic model equations for heterogeneous multicomponent non-ionic solution transport in a multimembrane system.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamic model equations for non-ionic and heterogeneous n-component solution transport in a m-membrane system are presented. This model is based on two equations. The first one describes the volume transport of the solution and the second the transport of the solute. Definitions of the hydraulic permeability, reflection and diffusive permeability coefficients of the m-membrane system and relations between the coefficients of the m-membrane system and the respective membranes of the system are also given. The validity of this model for binary and ternary solutions was verified, using a double-membrane cell with a horizontally mounted membrane. In the cell, volume and solute fluxes were measured as a function of concentration and gravitational configuration.

[The effect of rehydration on the elasticity modulus and strength of lyophilised and irradiated femur bone in the human]. / Wplyw rehydratacji na modul sprezystosci i wytrzymalosc liofilizowanej i napromienionej kosci udowej czlowieka.

The influence of rehydration on elasticity modulus and strength of lyophilized and irradiated cortical bone of human femur was studied by means of balance rheometer. The measurements were taken in 20(C and at sample deformation frequency of 12.5 Hz. The bone samples were taken from 40 individuals aged 35-45 who died suddenly. It was found, that after 24 hours rehydration the elasticity modulus of lyophilized and irradiated cortical bone decreased about 11% and strength increased about 18%. The greatest changes of elasticity modulus were observed during first 10 hours of rehydration. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.8, p < 0.001) between changes of elasticity modulus and degree of the bone rehydration was confirmed.

[Strength of dense, lyophilized and irradiated cortical bone of the human femur]. / Wytrzymalosc zbitej, liofilizowanej i napromienionej tkanki kostnej pochodzacej z kosci udowej czlowieka.

The ultimate bending strength of compact lyophilized and sterilized by gamma-rays bone samples taken from human middle third femur diaphysis was investigated and compared with the one of fresh bone tissue. The bone samples were taken from 42 individuals aged 32-45 who died suddenly. The measurements were carried out with Contraves balance rheometer at 20 degrees Celsius and under the sample deformation frequency of 12.5 Hz. The samples were divided into 5 groups. In the first one the ultimate bending strength was investigated without loading, in the second one with gentle load and the third one with great load. The fourth and fifth groups consisting of longer lyophilized bone samples, dry and after rehydration respectively were investigated under great load. It was found, that ultimate strength of dry lyophilized and irradiated bone was about 30% lower than of fresh bone, ultimate strength of rehydrated samples was about 18% greater than of dry samples and that the loading and fatigue procedure lowers the ultimate strength of compact bone samples and increases their fragility.

[Elasticity modulus of lyophilized cortical bone in the human femur]. / Modul sprezysosci zbitej, liofilizowanej i napromienionej tkanki kostnej pochodzacej z kosci udowej czlowieka.

The visco-elastic properties of the lyophilized cortical bone of the human femur has been studied by means of the balance rheometer. The samples of bone were harvested from healthy individuals who suddenly died or committed suicide. The donor age ranged from 35 to 45 years. The measurements were taken with the use of the balance rheometer at 20 degrees Celsius and sample deformation frequency of 12.5 Hz. It was found, that elasticity modulus of the lyophilized human cortical bone is about 30 per cent higher than the modulus of fresh cortical bone. In the elastic range the modulus depended on an amplitude of deformation. The compact lyophilized bone turned out to possess to a small degree also viscous properties; thus it should be considered as an elastic-viscous material with considerable superiority of elastic properties.

[Ozone therapy and viscosity of blood and plasma, distance of intermittent claudication and certain biochemical plasma components in patients with occlusive arteriosclerosis of the lower limbs]. / Ozonoterapia a lepkosc krwi i osocza, dystans chromania przestankowego oraz niektóre skladniki biochemiczne osocza u chorych na miazdzyce zarostowa tetnic konczyn dolnych.

Blood and plasma viscosity, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, fibrinogen, lipid-gram, and hematocrit were determined in 53 patients with occlusive arteriosclerosis in the lower limbs prior to and after ozone therapy. At the same time the distance of the intermittent claudication was measured. A significant prolongation of the distance walked painlessly, reduction in blood and plasma viscosity as well as the decrease in total cholesterol after therapy with ozone correlated with a decrease of the blood viscosity.