[Occurrence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from carriers and infections in pediatric wards of a Polish reference hospital]. / Wystepowanie lekoopornych paleczek z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae u dzieci hospitalizowanych na oddzialach pediatrycznych szpitala wysokospecjalistycznego.

Study was carried out from June to November 2008 in the group of newborn babies hospitalized at the highly specialized hospital. Twenty-six clinical isolates of ESBL-positive rods were collected from 24 patients. Infections incidence was confirmed on the level 3.4/1000 patientdays (pds), among infection dominated blood infection (41%) and pneumonia (31%). All isolates were analyzed for the presence of genes of the resistance (bla)SHV, (bla)TEM i (bla)CTX-M by the multiplex PCR amplification. Isolates were genotyped by PFGE. All isolates were characterized by the presence of the (bla)CTX-M gene. The most of ESBL-positive strains were polyclonal. Three endemic clones of the bacteria were distinguished (among Enterobacter and Klebsiella) which could be moved between patients. Appearing of infection among hospitalized newborn babies showed no relation with the frequency isolation of strains with ESBL phenotype during the period of the study at hospital. The dissemination of ESBLs is due to clonal spread or plasmid dissemination among or between species.

[Etiological agents of urinary tract infections in children treated at the Institute of Mother and Child]. / Czynniki etiologiczne zakazen ukladu moczowego u dzieci leczonych w Instytucie Matki i Dziecka.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract is a common site of bacterial infections in children. The main etiological agents of infection are Gram negative bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae in particular of intestinal origin. The uropathogenic strains may indicate resistance for many antibacterial drugs. AIM: The aim of this study was an analysis of urine samples from outpatient or hospitalized children treated at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, in the years 2006-2007. The frequency of individual bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 2096 urine samples from patients treated at the Institute of Mother and Child were investigated. Bacteriuria was examined and antibiotics susceptibility was estimated. Biochemical tests were used for the identification of uropathogenic strains. Antibiotic susceptibility was examined using standard diffusion discs methods. RESULTS: During 2006-2007, in all 2096 urine samples were taken, of which 313 were positive (14.9%). E. coli was the most often isolated bacteria (54%) and enterococci dominated in Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Most of the antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infections had high antibacterial activity except for ampicillin.