[Longitudinal Study of the Association Between Handgrip Strength and Chronic Disease Multimorbidity among Middle-aged and Older Adults].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association between multimorbidity and the handgrip strength of middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: The baseline (2011) and second-round follow-up (2015) data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used. Adults≥40 were selected as the subjects of the study. Variables incorporated in the study included handgrip strength, chronic disease prevalence, demographic variables, and health behavior variables. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and multimorbidity. RESULTS: A total of 28 368 middle-aged and older adults were included in the baseline and follow-up samples, with an average age of (59.1±9.7) years old, the oldest being 96 while the youngest being 40. Among them, 6 239 were male, accounting for 47.3%. In the second-round follow-up, 9 186 baseline respondents and 5 994 new respondents were covered, reaching a total of 15 180 respondents. Compared with the baseline, a higher proportion of the second-round follow-up respondents were female ( P=0.033) and were older ( P<0.001). From the baseline to the second-round follow-up, Q1, the lowest grip strength category, increased from 23.4% to 26.6%, while Q4, the highest grip strength category, decreased from 26.5% to 21.2%. The prevalence of having more than three chronic diseases increased from 18.2% to 24.2% and the prevalence of having more than five chronic diseases increased from 3.3% to 6.2%. After adjusting for confounding variables, the interaction items of handgrip strength and time showed statistical significance. After stratification by gender, the interaction items of male handgrip strength and follow-up time were statistically significant in both models ( P<0.05). The marginal effect graph of the interactive item showed that the multimorbidity prevalence of respondents with lower handgrip levels grew faster with age. Individual effect analysis showed that the correlation between handgrip strength and multimorbidity was not statistically significant at baseline, but the follow-up done four years afterwards showed statistical significant correlation between handgrip strength and multimorbidity. CONCLUSION: Respondents with lower baseline handgrip strength are associated with increasingly higher risk of multimorbidity over time. Handgrip strength can be used as an effective screening tool for middle-aged and older adults in China to identify those at higher risks of multimorbidity of chronic diseases.

[A Study of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement of Physicians in Public Hospitals].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the level of job satisfaction and work engagement of physicians in public hospitals, to analyze the interaction between job satisfaction and work engagement, and to discuss how each dimension of job satisfaction affects work engagement so as to provide information and reference for improving the level of work engagement of physicians in public hospitals. METHODS: Covering 6 public hospitals in Sichuan (3 tertiary-level hospitals and 3 secondary-level hospitals), 638 questionnaires were obtained from physicians through convenient sampling for data description and analysis. Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between job satisfaction and work engagement, and multiple linear stepwise regression method was used to analyze work engagement and the influencing factors of each dimension. RESULTS: With regard to job satisfaction, physicians showed high levels of satisfaction in personal safety (3.77±0.87), leadership identification and support (3.59±0.77), and job pressure (3.51±0.81). The mean points of work engagement and each dimension were as follows: total mean points of work engagement (4.02±0.99), dedication (4.21±1.13), absorption (4.19±1.08) and vigor (3.63±1.04). In job satisfaction, salary and benefits, work environment, social recognition, organizational management, leadership identification and support are positively correlated to work engagement and all dimensions. In job satisfaction, 5 dimensions, including social recognition, leadership recognition and support, work achievement, personal safety and organizational management, had a significant influence on work engagement and all dimensions. CONCLUSION: Emphasis on the high-level needs for recognition and self-actualization of doctors, doctor-patient communication, and personal development of doctors may improve doctors' job satisfaction and work engagement.

[Applacation of portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in chemical composition analysis of Chinese ancient glass].

Chemical composition is one of the most important aspects in the study of Chinese ancient glasses, as it could provide scientific proofs for the technical origin and development of Chinese ancient glasses. It is very necessary to find out some new an alyzing techniques. One of the most remarkable advantages for portable X-ray fluorescence technique is its portability, which allows antiques that can't be allowed to move out of museum to be analyzed. The basic principles, performances and analysis process of the equipment that was improved by OURSTEX company and Center of Sci-tech Archaeology of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics are presented in detail. Some examples for the application of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in chemical composition analysis of Chinese ancient glass samples excavated from Xinjiang province are also given. The results are compared with that determined by the proton induced X-ray fluorescence technique. There is a potential application for portable X-ray fluorescence technique in on site analysis.

[Study on the spectral properties of a new fluorene derivative].

A new big pi-conjugated, symmetrical fluorene derivative, 9, 9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,7-bis(2-(4-methoxy) benzene-2, 1-ethenyl) fluorene (abbreviated as MO-Flu-MO) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectral, UV-Vis and IR spectral. Spectral characteristics of this compound, including linear absorption spectral and one-photon fluorescence spectral, were measured in acetonitrile, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and hexane at room temperature. It was found that solvent effects have different influence on absorption spectral and fluorescence spectral, major reasons of such spectral behavior are discussed.

[Spectroscopy of alpha-isoxazoleazoxyl-beta-diketone derivatives and their tautomers].

In this paper, the IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy of five novel alpha-isoxazoleazoxyl-beta-diketone derivatives with different structures have been studied, and their keto-enol and azo-hydrazone tautomeric phenomena have been discussed. It was found that all compounds, which are in the solid or in the solution, exist in the form of hydrazodiketo and azoenol isomers. The authors can also see that there are two absorption bands which are in the range 246-262 nm and 326-339 nm, respectively, for all compounds in the UV spectra, and the intensities of long wavelength absorption bands which are attributed to azoenol forms are stronger than short wavelength absorption bands which are attributed to hydrazodiketo forms. This shows that the quantities of azoenol forms in the compounds are more than hydrazodiketo forms, and it may be due to that the varieties of the azoenol isomers can easily form six-membered rings structure in the form of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and make chemical structures more stable.

[Ester derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane and their CT complexes: synthesis and studies by infrared spectroscopy].

Three ester derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane and their CT complexes were synthesized and characterized by elementary analysis and infrared spectra. The principal infrared absorption peaks were assigned and discussed for the region of 4000-400 cm(-1). Principal factors affecting principal infrared absorption were analyzed.