Outbreak of Vaccinia Virus Infection from Occupational Exposure, China, 2017.

Human infections with vaccinia virus (VACV), mostly from laboratory accidents or contact with infected animals, have occurred since smallpox was eradicated in 1980. No recent cases have been reported in China. We report on an outbreak of VACV from occupational exposure to rabbit skins inoculated with VACV.

[Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Expression of Hippocampal eNSCs in MCAO Model Rats].

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on hippocampal en- dogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) expression of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) at different time points, and to observe possible mechanisms of EA for keeping away from damage in acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods MCAO model was pre- pared in male SPF grade SD rats by suture method. Totally 90 rats were divided into the sham-operated group, the model group, and the EA group according to random number table, 30 in each group. Rats in the sham-operated group only received surgical trauma. Rats in the model group only received MCAO I/R injury. Rats in the EA group received EA at Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (DU14) , once per day, 30 min each time. Nerve defects of rats were tested by neural function defect scale at day 1 , 7, 14 of treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, 6 rats were executed randomly from each group. Their hippocampus tissues were isolated. Then the proliferation and differentiation expression of eNSCs in the hippocampus area were detected by immunofluorescence method. Results (1) The scores of nerve function defect scale: The scores of the model group increased at day 1, 7, 14 of treatment, being higher as compared with those of the sham-operated group (P <0. 05). The scores of the EA group were lower than those of the model group at day 1, 7, 14 of treatment (P <0. 05). (2) The expression of BrdU positive cells: Com- pared with the sham-operated group, the expression of BrdU positive cells in the model group were in- creased at day 1, 7, 14 of treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the model group at each time points, the expression of BrdU positive cells in the EA group were increased more at day 1, 7, 14 of treatment (P < 0. 05). (3) The expression of Nestin positive cells: The expression of Nestin positive cells were in- creased more in the model group than in the sham-operated group at day 1 , 7, 14 of treatment (P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, the expression of Nestin positive cells increased more in the EA group, but only with statistical difference at day 7 of treatment (P <0. 05). (4) the expression of DCX positive cells: the expression of DCX positive cells were increased more in the model group than in the sham-operated group at day 1 and 7 of treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, the ex- pression of DCX positive cells were increased more in the EA group at day 7 and 14 of treatment (P < 0. 05). (5) the expression of NeuN positive cells: The expression NeuN of positive cells were increased more in the model group than in the sham-operated group at day 1, 7, and 14 of treatment, but only with statistical difference at day 14 of treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, the expression of NeuN positive cells were increased more obviously, but only with statistical difference at day 1 and 14 of treatment (P <0.05). (6) the expression of GFAP positive cells: The expression of GFAP positive cells increased more obviously in the model group than in the sham-operated group at day 1 , 7, and 14 of treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, the expression of GFAP positive cells were not obviously increased in the EA group, but only with statistical difference at day 14 of treatment (P <0. 05). Conclusions The proliferation and differentiation of eNSCs exist in the hippocampus area after cerebral I/R in MCAO model rats. EA could improve the recovery of damaged nerve function. Its possible mecha- nism might lie in that EA could promote the proliferation and differentiation of eNSCs in hippocampus area, inhibit excessive differentiation of eNSCs into astrocytes , promote differentiation of eNSCs into neu- rons, and improve regeneration of nerve cells.