ABSTRACT
Se ha puesto en marcha un proyecto de innovación docente basado en el desarrollo de casos clínicos transversales a lo largo de las diferentes asignaturas del Grado de Farmacia. El objetivo es favorecer un aprendizaje integrador entre materias del grado, durante la carrera universitaria de los alumnos, mediante la elaboración de material docente adecuado para un uso transversal. También se propone desarrollar un "estilo" de comunicación entre profesores y un nuevo modelo de enseñanza en la universidad, que permita generar estrategias de coordinación del profesorado y de elaboración de materiales de uso común. La Unidad de Toxicología del Departamento de Salud Pública ha sido uno de los dinamizadores de este proyecto. Se ha escogido el alcohol como primer caso, introduciendo un personaje, Sam, un paciente de 20 años, que se inicia muy joven y del que veremos su evolución clínica. Sobre el guion básico del caso clínico, se han propuesto una serie de contenidosymaterialesespecíficosencadaunadelas asignaturas.El proyecto se inició en febrero de 2012, mediante una presentación a los alumnos de la asignatura de Bioquímica de primer curso, de los objetivos, la proyección de un documental, así como la distribución de un díptico informativo, y un posterior seminario. Los profesores consideramos muy satisfactoria y productiva esta experiencia. Creemos, que esta forma de trabajo en grupo colaborativo es una excelente herramienta para el aprendizaje de los alumnos y la formación del profesorado (AU)
A teaching innovation project based on the development of clinical cases across different subjects of Pharmacy Degree has been launched. The aim of this project is to promote integrative learning between the subjects, along the academic career, bydevelopingteachingmaterialssuitablefortransversaluse. Italso aims to develop a "style" of communication among teachers and a new model of teaching at the University by generating strategies for teachers' coordination and development of common teaching materials. The Toxicology Unit of the Department of Public Health has been one of the promoters of this project. Alcohol was chosen as first case by introducing a character, Sam, a patient of 20 years, who started very young in alcohol consumption and his clinical course will be seen along the different years. On the basic script of the case, a number of specific contents have been proposed to be covered in each subject. The project started in February 2012 with a presentation to the students of the first year degree, in the subject of Biochemistry, the objectives, a documentary film, the distribution of an informative leaflet and subsequent seminar. Teachers considered the experience as very satisfying and productive and trusted that the way of working in a collaborative group is an excellent tool for student's learning and teacher's training (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Toxicology/education , Toxicology/methods , Case Reports , Competency-Based Education/methods , Competency-Based Education/organization & administration , Competency-Based Education/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to verify the safety of naltrexone administered during 6 months to alcohol-dependent patients submitted to detoxification. In addition, we aimed at contributing new data on the course of craving and alcohol consumption in naltrexone treated patients and to study prognostic factors predictive of response to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Multicenter, prospective, pharmacovigilance, follow-up study of a cohort of 198 patients older than 18 years of age meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence, who were administered naltrexone over a 6 months period. RESULTS: 77 patients (39.1%) had some adverse event (AA) during the study, including nausea/vomiting (13.7%), sleepiness/sedation (12.8%) and asthenia-laxity-fatigability (10.3%). Only 3.6% of AA were considered severe (6 cases). As to laboratory values, no relevant hematological abnormalities were observed, yet significant reductions from baseline were recorded for cholesterol, total and conjugated bilirubin, transaminases (AST/ALT), and *-GT. Overall, patients had a notable improvement, as reflected by a decrease in craving (from 22.5 to 5.3 on the OCDS scale; p < 0.01), as well as an improved in both global activity (from 68.7 to 85.4 on the EEAG; p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (from 12.0 to 4.1 on the MDRS scale; p < 0.01). Time passed until first relapse was 33 days, and the abstinence cumulative duration was 126 days. No predictive model of therapeutic success with sufficient statistical power was obtained to guarantee its use in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Naltrexona has a good safety profile to treat alcoholic patients. No predictive factors of response to treatment was found. Thus, the question about which alcoholic patients could mostly benefit from naltrexone treatment remains unanswered.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/drug therapy , Naltrexone/therapeutic use , Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
El programa ALFIL, realizado por Socidrogalcohol, es una aproximación preventiva selectiva para hijos de alcohólicos. Consta de dos partes: un análisis de los factores de riesgo específicos y el perfil biopsicosocial de hijos de alcohólicos de 6 a 17 años, y un ensayo de sesiones psicoeducativas grupales. En la fase inicial de este proyecto nos propusimos la elaboración de un protocolo de evaluación de marcadores de riesgo que permitiese la detección precoz de los jóvenes más vulnerables a las consecuencias del alcoholismo familiar. En este artículo se revisan marcadores de riesgo potencialmente útiles para este cometido y se describe la metodología y el protocolo de evaluación utilizados en el estudio.Resultados preliminares del análisis del perfil psicosocial de los hijos de alcohólicos evaluados indican que éstos presentan, frente a los controles, peor ambiente familiar, menor nivel socioeconómico, peor rendimiento cognitivo y escolar, más síntomas de psicopatología y mayor necesidad de asistencia psicológica. Ello justifica la generalización de intervenciones psicoeducativas para este grupo de alto riesgo. Se propone su realización en grupos pequeños, de forma natural, no alarmista y lo más normalizada posible. Se constata la necesidad de optimizar la batería de screening con fines de detección precoz, así como de elaborar estrategias específicas para motivar a participar en programas preventivos a las familias más reacias (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Male , Child , Humans , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Parent-Child Relations , Risk Factors , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Risk Groups , Poverty , Social Environment , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Family Relations , Primary Prevention , Alcoholism/genetics , Alcoholism/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of a drink units' system is recommended in order to facilitate the registration and monitoring of alcohol consumption and to provide comparable data. A unit would be the alcohol content in defined volumes of different beverages with a standard strength. The value attributed to this drink unit varies from country to country and is questionable from a scientific viewpoint. This study provides research for defining the standard drink unit (SDU) for Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two studies were designed for ascertaining the pure alcohol content of bulk drinking at home and in public places, taking into account available information on production, distribution of consumption and beverages strength. Eight Spanish regions, each one with 3 cities of respectively < 10,000, 10,000-100,000 and > 100,000 inhabitants, participated in the study. 10,751 observations were carried out and alcohol content was calculated for a standard drink of beer, wine and spirits. RESULTS: Because of the great dispersion of volumes within each type of consumed beverages, none of the consumption curves presented a normal distribution. This feature level is to calculate its pure alcohol equivalence by means of the recorded median volume. Thus, SDU was found to be 10.09 g for wine, 9.1 g for beer and 19.82 g for spirits. CONCLUSIONS: Global SDU would contain about 10 g of pure alcohol (= 1 beer o 1 glass of wine or a half measure of spirits). The calculation of alcohol consumption in drink units facilitates clinical records, epidemiological surveys and preventive messages.
