ABSTRACT
It has been proposed that tumor suppressor genes may have a role in the mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation during human placental development. The Retinoblastoma gene family is a well known family of tumor suppressor genes. Many studies have pointed out a role of this family not only in cell cycle progression, but also during development and differentiation. On the light of these observations we have investigated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of the Retinoblastoma family members, p107 and Rb2/p130 in human placenta samples in first trimester and full-term placental sections. p107 and pRb2/p130 showed the most abundant expression levels during the first trimester of gestation and progressively declined to being barely detectable in the placenta by late gestation. These results indicate that the expression of the above genes is modulated during placental development and suggest a mechanism for controlling trophoblast proliferation.
Subject(s)
Genes, Retinoblastoma/genetics , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Placenta/metabolism , Proteins , Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism , Adult , Decidua/metabolism , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Pregnancy , Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107 , Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130 , Trophoblasts/metabolismABSTRACT
Lung cancer is a worldwide problem and in many countires it is the most lethal malignancy. Because relapse is frequent after resection of non small cell lung cancer, an urgent need exists to define prognostic factors which could help in choosing the best therapeutic approach. We performed immunohistochemistry on 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded non small cell lung cancer specimens in order to evaluate the frequency of cyclin D1 overexpression, and to relate it to the degree of malignancy of these tumors and to the overall survival time of the patients. All specimens were positive for cyclin D1 immunostaining. We found cyclin D1 overexpression in 30 (50%) of our specimens, with no significant difference among the different histological types. Cyclin D1 overexpression correlates in a statistical manner with short-term patient survival. Mantel-Cox analysis of these data generated a significant P value = 0.003. The mean survival time and the five-year survival rate also differed statistically. We did not find any statistically significant correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and histological grading, tumor stage or TNM status. We concluded that cyclin D1 overexpression in 30 patients is a frequent event in non small cell lung cancer pathogenesis and may have prognostic relevance.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Cyclins/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Oncogene Proteins/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cyclin D1 , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
The AA. give description of the anatomical bases of the venous system of compensation in the syndrome of portal hypertension giving iconographic pictures. They describe the major characteristic features of the portal vein circulation with particular attention to the main variations, their forms, site and particularly with reference to the surgical operations they necessitate.
