Concepts and issues related to adolescent health in nursing education. / Conceitos e temas relacionados à saúde do adolescente na formação em enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. METHOD: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. CONCLUSION: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.(1) 31.6% of faculty have no specific education in adolescent health. (2) 18.9% of faculty have no educational/pedagogical training. (3) Progress is needed in the use of active methodologies and interactive multimedia. (4) Knowledge of laws and policies for the adolescent population must be expanded. (5) Current and relevant adolescent health issues need to be addressed in nursing education.

Infant stimulation reduces weight loss and increases breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to measure the effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular (ATVV) stimulation therapy on sucking effectiveness (SE), infant-feeding mode, weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of full-term infants. METHODS: A single-blinded randomized trial with a sample of 107 mother-child dyads. Inclusion criteria were healthy first-time mothers and full-term infants with no known pathological conditions, weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams, and recommendation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding. The mothers in the experimental group (EG) received training in ATVV stimulation therapy and provided it from birth (first 24 hours of life) until the end of the follow-ups at week 5. The control group (CG) received only standard care that included education on warning signs and basic guidance on breastfeeding. SE, infant-feeding mode, and neonatal growth were measured at weeks 2 and 5. RESULTS: In contrast to CG infants, the EG infants drank 2.02 cc more human milk in one minute of effective breastfeeding (p=0.002) at week 2 and 5.51 cc more at week 5 (p<0.0001). They showed greater adherence to breastfeeding at week 5 (p=0.025) and gained more weight: 8.35 grams/day (p=0.009) and 4.19 grams/day (p=0.008). HC did not differ between groups, and height difference was statistically significant at week 5 (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: ATVV stimulation therapy has a positive effect on neonatal health as it promotes effective sucking and exclusive breastfeeding, reduces weight loss, and improves neonatal growth.

Conceitos e temas relacionados à saúde do adolescente na formação em enfermagem / Concepts and issues related to adolescent health in nursing education / Conceptos y temas relacionados a la salud de los adolescentes en la formación en enfermería

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a estrutura dos programas de ensino e os conteúdos do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, realizado na Colômbia, Equador e Peru. Aplicou-se o Instrumento de (auto)avaliação do componente Saúde e Desenvolvimento do Adolescente na graduação de profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados: 95 Escolas de Enfermagem participaram (84,1% do total). Dos professores responsáveis pelo ensino da saúde dos adolescentes, 31,6% não tinham formação específica na matéria e 18,9% não tinham formação no campo da educação/pedagogia. Estes são os principais tópicos que poderiam ser incorporados à formação: comportamento, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, bullying e cyberbullying, uso de tecnologias digitais, violência entre parceiros, paternidade adolescente e puberdade tardia. Conclusão: os professores têm formação limitada em questões pedagógicas/educacionais e em temas específicos da saúde dos adolescentes. O currículo precisa ser atualizado com conteúdos relacionados a saúde e desenvolvimento dos adolescentes; deve-se incluir conhecimento de leis e políticas e expandir a capacidade dos profissionais de enfermagem para que possam gerar, analisar e utilizar dados para a tomada de decisões.

Abstract Objective: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education. Method: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 95 nursing schools participated in the study (84.1% of the total). Of the faculty responsible for teaching contents relating to adolescent health, 31.6% had no specific training on the topic and 18.9% had no educational/pedagogical training. Behavior, gender identity and sexual orientation, bullying and cyberbullying, use of digital technologies, partner violence, parenting, and pubertal delay were the main topics which could be incorporated into nursing education. Conclusion: the faculty of the schools analyzed have limited education in pedagogical/educational topics and specific adolescent health issues. Curricula should be updated, including knowledge of laws and policies, thus expanding nurses' ability to generate, analyze and use data for decision making.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la estructura de los programas de enseñanza y los contenidos del componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo, realizado en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. Se aplicó el Instrumento para (auto)evaluar el componente de salud y desarrollo del adolescente en la formación de pregrado de los proveedores de salud. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: participaron 95 escuelas (84,1% del total). De los docentes encargados de la enseñanza de la salud de los adolescentes, el 31,6% no tenía formación específica en la materia y el 18,9% no tenía formación en el ámbito de la educación/pedagogía. Los principales temas que podrían incorporarse a la formación son: comportamiento, identidad de género y orientación sexual, bullying y cyberbullying, uso de las tecnologías digitales, violencia en el noviazgo, paternidad y retraso puberal. Conclusión: el profesorado tiene una formación limitada en temas pedagógicos/educativos y en temas específicos de la salud del adolescente. El plan de estudios debe actualizarse con contenidos del desarrollo y salud del adolescente, incluir conocimientos sobre las leyes y políticas, y ampliar la capacidad de las enfermeras para generar, analizar y utilizar datos para la toma de decisiones.

Effect of infant stimulation on the adaptation to birth: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: to measure the effect of an infant stimulation therapy (auditory, tactile, visual and vestibular) on the adaptation to postnatal life of the mother-child dyad. METHOD: an experimental and blind study composed of 120 dyads of first-time mothers and full-term newborns, who practiced breastfeeding. The follow-up was conducted during the first five weeks of life and the evaluation was carried at two different times. RESULTS: the adaptive capacity was measured in two modes. The physiological adaptive mode (activity and exercise and neonatal nutrition) and the interdependence adaptive mode (appropriate affection and proper development); and statistically significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group. Regression models that show the collaborative relationship between mother and child, and their reciprocity in the process of adaptation were proposed. CONCLUSION: the early stimulation is a therapy with bidirectional effect, because it has favorable effects on the person who administers it; promotes health and prevents illness in the process of adaptation to birth; especially in contexts of vulnerability. It is recommended its teaching to mothers and its application in the home environment. This study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) under protocol number: ACTRN12617000449336.

Effect of infant stimulation on the adaptation to birth: a randomized trial / Efeito da estimulação infantil na adaptação ao nascimento: um estudo randomizado / Efecto de la estimulación infantil en la adaptación al nacimiento: un ensayo aleatorizado

Objective: to measure the effect of an infant stimulation therapy (auditory, tactile, visual and vestibular) on the adaptation to postnatal life of the mother-child dyad. Method: an experimental and blind study composed of 120 dyads of first-time mothers and full-term newborns, who practiced breastfeeding. The follow-up was conducted during the first five weeks of life and the evaluation was carried at two different times. Results: the adaptive capacity was measured in two modes. The physiological adaptive mode (activity and exercise and neonatal nutrition) and the interdependence adaptive mode (appropriate affection and proper development); and statistically significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group. Regression models that show the collaborative relationship between mother and child, and their reciprocity in the process of adaptation were proposed. Conclusion: the early stimulation is a therapy with bidirectional effect, because it has favorable effects on the person who administers it; promotes health and prevents illness in the process of adaptation to birth; especially in contexts of vulnerability. It is recommended its teaching to mothers and its application in the home environment. This study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) under protocol number: ACTRN12617000449336.

Objetivo: medir o efeito de uma terapia de estimulação infantil (auditiva, tátil, visual e vestibular) na adaptação à vida pós-natal da díade mãe e filho. Método: estudo experimental, cego, que incluiu 120 díades formadas por mãe de primeiro parto e recém-nascido a termo, que praticavam amamentação materna. O acompanhamento foi realizado durante as primeiras cinco semanas de vida e a avaliação foi feita em dois momentos distintos. Resultados: a capacidade de adaptação foi medida de dois modos. O modo adaptativo fisiológico (atividade e exercício e nutrição neonatal) e o modo adaptativo de interdependência (afeto e desenvolvimento adequados); sendo encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas a favor do grupo experimental. Foram propostos modelos de regressão que mostram a relação de colaboração entre mãe e filho, e sua reciprocidade no processo de adaptação. Conclusão: a estimulação precoce é uma terapia com efeito bidirecional, pois tem efeitos favoráveis em quem a administra; promove a saúde e previne doenças no processo de adaptação ao nascimento; especialmente em contextos de vulnerabilidade. Recomenda-se seu ensino às mães e sua aplicação no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo foi registrado no Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR), sob protocolo de número: ACTRN12617000449336.

Objetivo: medir el efecto de una terapia de estimulación infantil (auditiva, táctil, visual y vestibular) en la adaptación a la vida postnatal de la diada madre e hijo. Método: estudio experimental, ciego que vinculó 120 díadas madre primeriza y neonato nacido a término que practicaban lactancia materna. El seguimiento se realizó durante las primeras cinco semanas de vida y se evaluó en dos momentos distintos. Resultados: se midió la capacidad de adaptación en dos modos. El modo adaptativo fisiológico (actividad y ejercicio y nutrición neonatal) y el modo adaptativo interdependencia (afecto y desarrollo adecuados); encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del grupo experimental. Se plantearon modelos de regresión que evidencian la relación colaborativa entre madre e hijo, y su reciprocidad en el proceso de adaptación. Conclusión: la estimulación temprana es una terapia con efecto bidireccional, pues tiene efectos favorables en quien la administra; que promueve la salud y previene la enfermedad en el proceso de adaptarse al nacimiento, especialmente en contextos de vulnerabilidad. Se recomienda su enseñanza a las madres y su aplicación en el entorno domiciliario. Este estudio se registró en Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR), con número: ACTRN12617000449336.