Single marker analysis for leaf gas exchange traits from RILS of RD 23 (O. sativa L.) and O. longistaminata.

Rice is frequently affected by drought. However, economic water usage by the crop less impacted the stress. Its improvement should thus rely on assessing and utilizing the genetic bases of Carbon balance and water use efficient traits. These days, sequence based analysis is widely used to identify the associated hotspot loci to a given trait of interest. For two cropping seasons, 135 Oryza sativa L./Oryza longistaminata RILs were phenotyped to four leaf physiological traits and single marker analysis was integrated to identify consistently and significantly correlated SNPs. Through the RADseq technique, 20,014 SNPs were identified from the phenotypically diversified lines and in particular, 20 SNPs were defined as significantly associated hotspot loci. This study therefore, implicated marker-trait associations for leaf physiological traits. And such significantly associated loci can be used as tools for marker assisted selection of the relatively drought tolerant and highly photosynthetic lines of perennial rice.

Changes of intracranial pressure, cerebral hemodynamic parameters and neuro-rehabilitation in adult patients after cranioplasty reconstruction with digital shaping titanium mesh / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the appropriate time of the skull reconstruction of skull defect,and explore the changes of intracmnial pressure,cerebral hemodynamic parameters,clinical symptoms and signs before and after cranioplasty with digital shaping titanium mesh.Methods The clinical data included parameter variations of noninvasive intracranial pressure (ICP),cerebral blood flow velocity,and improvement of skull defect syndrome and cognitive function were retrospectivly analyzed in 69 patients with skull defect received cranioplasty with digital shaping titanium mesh in our hospital from June 2009 to May 2014.The preoperative ICP less than 80 mmH2O was recorded in 53 patients and that more than or equal to 80 mmH2O was recorded in 16 patients.The interval time from the skull defects to cranioplasty was as follows:11 patients were within 3-6 months,25 were in 6-9 months,24 were in 9-12 months,and 9 were more than one year.Results The ICP after cranioplasty was in the normal range,which was statistically different as compared with that before cranioplasty (P＜0.05).The mean blood flow velocity two weeks after cranioplasty was improved significantly as compared with that before cranioplasty (P＜0.05).All 69 patients were recovered well postoperatively;14 patients with preoperative sensory and movement disorders got improvement of different degrees after cranioplasty;in the four patients with epilepsy,three were seizure-free,and the left one had obviously reduced epileptic seizure;two patients with speech disorders got improvement postoperatively.Skull defect syndrome symptoms in the 54 patients were disappeared.Significant differences of Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and function independent measurement (FIM) scores were noted between before cranioplasty and three months after cranioplasty (2.48±0.67 vs.3.56±0.35;77.91±10.32 vs.93.78±6.51;P＜0.05).The GOS and FIM scores in patients performed cranioplasty at early stage (interval time from the skull defects to cranioplasty within 12 months) were significantly improved as compared with those before cranioplasty (P＜0.05).Conclusion The digital shaping titanium mesh skull reconstruction of skull defect could stabilize the ICP,and improve the dynamic state of pathological cerebral blood flow and cognition impairment,and is conducive to the recovery of nervous function;and early cranioplasty can have a good prognosis.

Association of EDNRA and JDP2 genes with sporadic intracranial aneurysm in Chinese Han Population / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus of endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) and Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) genes with sporadic intractranial aneurysm (ⅠA) in Chinese Han population.Methods Genomic DNA was collected fiom 288 patients with ⅠA and 576 healthy controls,admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2012.The SNPs in near EDNRA gene (rs6842241 and rs6841581) and JDP2 gene (rs741846 and rs175646) were analyzed by using the SnapShot method; and their relations with ⅠA were analyzed.Results All the genotype frequencies of these SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in genotypes and allele frequency distribution of near EDNRA gene between ⅠA patients and controls (P=0.000 for rs6842241 and rs6841581),while no significant differences were found in the distributions of rs741846 and rs175646 in JDP2 gene between ⅠA patients and controls (P=0.156 and 0.223).Haploview haplotyping showed that rs6842241 and rs6841581 located in a linkage disequilibrium,whose haplotypes (CG,AA and AG) were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.000,P=0.000 and P=0.009).Conclusion The rs6842241 and rs6841581 loci near EDNRA gene contribute to an increased risk ofⅠA among the Han Chinese population.

A pyogenic discitis at c3-c4 with associated ventral epidural abscess involving c1-c4 after intradiscal oxygen-ozone chemonucleolysis: a case report.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report and clinical discussion. OBJECTIVE: To describe an unique case of purulent discitis at C3-C4 and an anterior C1-C4 epidural abscess secondary to oxygen-ozone therapy for the herniated cervical discs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported complications secondary to ozone therapy are rarely documented. No cases of pyogenic discitis with associated epidural abscess after oxygen-ozone therapy have been reported to date. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in literature. METHODS: A 57-year-old female patient with nuchal stiffness was previously treated with ozone therapy at the discs of C3-C4, C4-C5, and C6-C7. Five days later, she presented with an attack of neck pain and fever followed by progressive quadriplegia with sudden onset of dyspnea and was referred to our hospital. On admission, physical examination revealed a temperature of 38.8 degrees C, evident neck tenderness, marked global weakness (grade 1-2/5 MRC) in bilateral upper-limb, and a modest global weakness in bilateral lower-limb (grade 4/5 MRC). Laboratory findings showed a significantly elevated WCC, ESR, and CRP. Blood culture was negative. Enhanced-MR imaging demonstrated a purulent discitis at C3-C4 and a ventral C1-C4 epidural abscess with homogenous enhancement indicative of a solid phlegmonous granulation tissue. RESULTS: We formulated a 3-stage treatment involving C1-C4 multilevel decompressive laminectomies, subtotal unilateral C3-C4 facetectomies, and tissue sampling for culture with application of a corset after surgery, followed by a delayed secondary posterior thorough drainage of epidural liquid pus using a suction-irrigation drainage, after the abscess had turned to a necrotic liquid abscess, on the basis of findings of enhanced-MR imaging, by 10-day duration of intravenously antibiotic therapy tailored to Streptococcus bovis isolated from infected tissue. Over the next few weeks, the patient made an excellent neurologic recovery. However, she did not consent to undergo further occipitocervical fusion until the follow-up MR imaging at 8 months demonstrated postlaminectomy kyphosis. After surgery, the patient remained clinically satisfactory in neurology without evidence of a recurrence of spinal infection. A slight improvement in the cervical spine curve was demonstrated in the follow-up radiograph at nearly 4-month postoccipitocervical fusion. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates a rare but life-threatening complication of oxygen-ozone therapy for the cervical disc herniation. Infection is a common risk for any invasive spinal techniques involving puncture, so attention should be paid to the sterility during the procedures. A high index of suspicion along with reliance on enhanced-MRI is essential to diagnose the condition and institute appropriate treatment on an individual basis.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of communicating hydrocephalus: a preliminary study.

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), the procedure's indications, and prognosis after treatment in patients with communicating hydrocephalus. METHODS: Between August 2002 and January 2007, 32 ETVs were performed in 32 patients with communicating hydrocephalus (24 men and 8 women) at the authors' institution. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 82 years old (mean 61.4 years), and had a follow-up of 2-53 months (mean 14 months). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the results of preoperative tests. The first group included 17 patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and the second group included 15 patients with secondary communicating hydrocephalus who experienced meningitis, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, or hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to assess the prognostic relevance of the cause of communicating hydrocephalus, the preoperative Kiefer scale score, and hydrodynamic findings in predicting the results after ETV. RESULTS: Excellent results were achieved in 25% of patients, good results in 40.6%, satisfactory in 12.5%, and poor in 21.9% of patients. The authors found that the preoperative Kiefer score and the patient's age had a high correlation with overall ETV outcome. Nineteen patients (59.3%) with comparatively mild symptoms (Kiefer Score 0-10) had a favorable course after ETV. Three patients in this group showed a satisfactory course, and 1 had a poor course. Among patients with Kiefer scores of 11-21 points, 6 (46%) had a favorable course, 1 (8%) a satisfactory one, and 6 (46%) had no relief from symptoms at all. Fourteen (88%) of 16 patients < 65 years of age had a favorable course after ETV. However, only 7 of 16 patients (44%) > 65 years showed definite improvement after ETV. Among the Kiefer score indicators, the preoperative mental state played an important role in predicting ETV outcome. The results of this test imply that the relative risk of ETV failure in a patient with a concentration disorder is about 2 times that in a patient without. Of the 7 patients with secondary communicating hydrocephalus who had elevated intracranial pressure (range 205-265 mm H2O), 5 patients had a favorable result from ETV. Meanwhile, in the same group, 5 (63%) of 8 patients with normal intracranial pressure had an excellent or good result. In comparing the findings on cine MR imaging before and after surgery, there was evidence of a decrease in the velocity and quantity of cerebrospinal fluid flow in the aqueduct after ETV. CONCLUSIONS: The new hydrodynamic concept of hydrocephalus opens the possibility that ETV may be an effective treatment for communicating hydrocephalus. It thus constitutes an interchangeable alternative to shunting. Patient age, analysis of the causes of hydrocephalus, and mental state evaluation play important roles in outcome prediction in patients with communicating hydrocephalus who undergo ETV. Randomized clinical studies are needed to explore further the role of this treatment in communicating hydrocephalus therapy.

Effect of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure on outcome prediction of severe traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of intra cranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) on neurological det erioration and outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). METHODS: A total of 245 patients with severe traumatic brain in jury were studied retrospectively with univariate and multivariate studies to ev aluate the contribution of ICP/CPP to neurological deterioration and outcome. RESULTS: The mortality rates rose from 16.2% in 142 patient s whose course of disease was smooth to 66.7% in 103 patients who suffered f rom neurological deterioration. Correspondingly, the favorable outcome fall from 54.2% in the patients without neurological deterioration to 18.3% in th ose with neurological deterioration. In the patients with clinical evidence of n eurological deterioration, the relative influence of the ICP and the CPP on outc ome was assessed. The most powerful predictors of neurological deterioration was the presence of intracranial hypertension (ICP>30 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). The CPP also had a prognostic power on neurological deterioration when its level less than 60 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that it's very important to lower the intracranial hypertension and keep the CPP not less than 60 mm Hg during the t reatment of STBI.