ABSTRACT
The genus Potentilla are a member of Rosaceae family. The root of P. anserina L. is an important medicinal plant in Chinese Tibetan medicine and known as‘jue ma’in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which is mainly distributed in temperate, frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere. In China,it is mainly distributed in Qinghai,Gansu provinces and Tibet Autono?mous Region. This genus mainly contains polysaccharides,steroids,triterpenes,flavonoids,phenolic acids and coumarin com?pounds. The root of P. anserina has been used as both food and medicine over 1200 years. In TCM,it is suggested that the functions and indications of P. anserina be various,such as supplementing the spleen and fortifying the stomach,promoting the production of body fluid and relieving thirst,invigorating the vital energy and nourishing the blood. P. anserina is widely used in Chinese Tibetan Medicine,and polysaccharide extracted from its rhizomes is one of the main constituents possessing the pharmacology of immunomodu?latory activity,anti-oxidation,anti-hypoxia,anti-tumor and protective effect on liver injury. This article reviews the recent research progresses in the pharmacology of P. anserina polysaccharide(PAP),so as to lay the foundation of basic researches for further investi?gation and could provide the instruction for the further development and utilizition of this plant.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the changes of TNF-α and NF-κB after different doses of nalmefene hydrochloride (NAL) therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an effort to identify the effect of NAL on TBI-induced inflammatory response and the possible mechanism.Methods A model of TBI in the rat was produced using the improved Feeney' s free-fall impact method.The animals were randomly divided into sham group,TBI group,TBI + large dose of NAL (ip,0.2 mg/kg) group (TBI + NAL1group),TBI + medial dose of NAL (ip,0.14 mg/kg) group (TBI + NAL2 group),TBI + small dose of NAL (ip,0.07 mg/kg) group (TBI + NAL3 group).Form of brain tissues in each group was observed and mRNA levels of TNF-α and NF-κB were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assay.Results HE staining revealed severe injury and inflammatory infiltration of brain parenchyma in TBI group ;on the contrary,the situation ameliorated in TBI + NAL1 group,TBI + NAL2 group and TBI + NAL3group,with especially obvious improvement in TBI + NAL2 group.In PCR assay,significant expression of NF-κB and TNF-α was observed at post-TBI days 1,3,5 and 7 (P ＜ 0.05),followed by great reverse after NAL therapy (P ＜ 0.05),particularly in TBI + NAL2 group.Conclusions NAL can reduce the inflammation response to TBI and promote post-injury recovery.Moreover,there exists a NAL concentration window.
