Cultural sensitivity and associated factors among nurses in southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Because of the rapidly rising cultural diversity, the ability to recognize cultural diversity is extremely important to all healthcare professionals, especially to nurses. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the cultural sensitivity of nurses in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess cultural sensitivity and associated factors among nurses working at Jimma Medical Center, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Health-facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 nurses selected by simple random sampling from May 20th to June 20th, 2020. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solution Version 26.0. Bivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to select variables for the final model. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with cultural sensitivity. Statistical significance was declared at [Formula: see text]0.05, and adjusted odds ratio with respective 95% CI was used to report significant covariates. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 236 nurses participated in this study, giving a response rate of 96.72%. Nurses who were culturally sensitive while delivering routine nursing services were found to be 40.3% (95% CI (34.3, 46.6)). Level of education ([AOR (95% CI)], [4.846 (1.188, 19.773)]), interpersonal communication ([AOR (95% CI)], [4.749 (1.334, 16.909)]), and intercultural communication ([AOR (95% CI)], [51.874 (13.768, 195.45)]) were positively and significantly associated with the cultural sensitivity of nurses. CONCLUSION: Cultural sensitivity is found to be low in the study area. Increasing level of education, effective interpersonal communication abilities, and intercultural communication abilities positively predict cultural sensitivity of nurses. It is helpful for nurses to improve their knowledge of transcultural nursing theories and cultural understanding.

Levels of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in health institutions in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia in 2018.

Background: Nutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. Objective: To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia in 2018. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 June 2018 on 1,007 study subjects and the participants were selected by using a consecutive sampling technique. Five health facilities were selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data Statistical software version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition in adults receiving ART. Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to examine associations between dependent and independent variables. Result: Of the total 1,007 study subjects, 961 participated in the study. More than half of the participants were female (61.2%), 57.2% were married and 42.9% were in the 30-39 years age group. In this study, the level of undernutrition among patients on antiretroviral therapy was 16%. Age ≥50 [AOR 2.5, 95% CI (1.1-5.6)], being single [AOR 2.2, 95% CI (1.4-3.7)], developing gastrointestinal symptoms [AOR 2.6, 95% CI (1.5-4.4)] and in WHO-defined clinical stages III and IV of HIV/AIDS [AOR 2.8, 95% CI (1.3-6.0)] were found to have a statistically significant association with undernutrition. Conclusion: Significant numbers of people on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the study area were undernourished. This demonstrated that HIV/AIDs and its treatment directly or indirectly impacted the nutritional status of the patients, who need a critical follow-up from health workers. Age, marital status, progressing to WHO-defined clinical stage of disease, and development of gastrointestinal symptoms were identified as factors that contribute to undernutrition among patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The health care workers and experts working at the ART clinic should focus on patient counseling regarding the early prevention, detection, and treatment of opportunistic infections. Early health-seeking behaviors before the AIDs stage and critical follow-up are the first actions to identify undernutrition.

Female genital mutilation: prevalence, associated factors and health consequences among reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Female genital mutilation is procedure involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for cultural or non-therapeutic reasons. Despite of global concerns, awareness, and campaigns, the prevalence of female genital mutilation remains high in many countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess female genital mutilation: prevalence, associated factors, and health consequences among reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 01 to April 30, 2019. We used a multi stage sampling. Finally, using simple random sampling technique, we selected four Woredas. Consequently, after clustering kebeles, all mothers with daughter/s younger than 15 years and live in clustered kebeles were interviewed. Data were entered into Epi data and exported to SPSS version 23.0. Variables with P-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression analyses were entered into the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to determine associations between dependent and independent variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Almost all, 729 (97.2%) of mothers expressed that they heard about female circumcision. However, less than one-fourth, 159 (21.2%) of mothers were circumcised. Among those 159 women ever circumcised, 52 (32.7%) reported that they experienced the complication of female genital mutilation.The prevalence of female genital mutilation of daughters' younger than 15 years was 12 (1.6%). Rural residence [AOR 6.74, 95% CI (2.70-16.85)], being Muslim and Protestant follower by their religion [AOR 0.19, 95% CI (0.07-0.53] and [AOR 0.54, 95% CI (0.30-0.98)] respectively and occupational status of the husband; Merchant [AOR 7.29; 95% CI (3.66-14.51)], Daily laborer[AOR 2.70, 95% CI (1.14-6.40)] and others (drivers and students) [AOR 6.70, 95% CI (1.55-28.95] were statistically significantly associated with female genital mutilation. CONCLUSION: In this study, prevalence of female genital mutilation practice among daughters and women of reproductive group was low as compared to a national data. However, that much magnitude still seeks attention as Ethiopia planned to end the practice. Religion, place of residence, and occupational status of the husband were statistically significantly associated with female genital mutilation. Therefore, any strategy to end up the practice better considers dimension of all these variables.

Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bench Maji, Keffa and Sheka zones of public hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross -sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Anemia during pregnancy is a common public health problem globally and it defined as the hemoglobin concentration of less than 11 g/dl. Anemia during pregnancy has maternal and perinatal diverse consequences and it increase the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. The aim of this study is to assess magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bench Maji, Keffa and Sheka zones of public hospitals, South west, Ethiopia, 2018. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed on 1871 pregnant mothers from selected hospitals. All third trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi, Gebretsadik Shawo and Wacha public hospitals were included in the study. Data was entered to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify independently associate factors at confidence interval of 95% and significance level of P-value <0.05. RESULT: The magnitude of anemia in this study from the total study participant was 356 (19.0%). Among anemic pregnant women, 330 (92.7%), 21(5.9%) and 5(1.4%) were mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia respectively. Age group 20-24 [AOR 6.28(2.40-16.42)], 25-29 [AOR = 6.38 (2.71-15.01)], 30-34 [AOR = 5.13 (2.27-11.58) and age ≥35 years [AOR = 2.53 (1.07-5.98)], educational status (read and write) [AOR 2.06, 95% CI (1.12-3.80)], gestational age(term)[AOR 1.94, 95% CI (1.27-2.96)], Caffeine (coffee and tea) and alcohol use occasionally [AOR 2.01, 95% CI (1.14-3.55)] and [AOR 2.59, 95% CI (1.49-4.52)] respectively, nutritional status (under nutrition) [AOR 3.00, 95% CI (2.22-3.97)] and family size (>6) [AOR 2.66, 95% CI (1.49-4.77)] were factors associated with anemia. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of anemia found to be high. Age, educational status of the mother, gestational age, caffeine and alcohol use, Nutritional status and family size were factors significantly associated with anemia. To prevent adverse outcome of anemia, health care providers should work on these factors.

Factors Associated with Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Pregnant Women in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is the process of preparing for normal birth and anticipating the actions needed in case of an emergency. About 300 million women in the developing world affected by short-term or long-term illness, even death brought by pregnancy and childbirth. This is because insufficiency birth and emergency preparedness. The objective of this study was to assess birth preparedness and complication readiness, and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bench Maji Zone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A community based crosssectional study was conducted `on 605 participants. Multi-stage sampling was used to select woredas and kebeles by simple random sampling technique. The study subjects were selected by systematic sampling technique. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control confounds. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was used to examine associations between dependent and independent variables. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULT: This study identified that the knowledge and practice of respondents about birth preparedness and complication readiness were 285(48.4%) and 249(42.3%) respectively. Place of residence (AOR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2-3.2), occupational status of mother (AOR3.2; 95%CI: 1.2-8.1), knowledge of BP/CR (AOR 12.6; 95%CI: 7.5-21.4) and knowledge of danger sign during pregnancy (AOR 1.9; 95%CI: 1.1-3.3) were found to have statistically significant association. CONCLUSION: The status of birth preparedness and complication readiness was low. Place of residence, occupation, having knowledge about birth preparedness and complication readiness, and having knowledge about danger signs during pregnancy were the factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness.

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Associated Factors among Women Attending Delivery Service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi General Hospital and Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy induced hypertensive are a major health problem in the obstetric population as they are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess pregnancy induced hypertension and its associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Gebretsadikshawo Hospital and Tepi General Hospital. METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 01 to November 30/2016. The total sample size (422) was proportionally allocated to the three hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Variables with p-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to control cofounding. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 33(7.9%); of which 5(15.2%) were gestational hypertension, 12 (36.4%) were mild preeclampsia, 15(45.5%) were severe preeclampsia and 1 (3%) eclampsia. Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR5.25 (1.39-19.86)], kidney diseases (AOR 3.32(1.04-10.58)), having asthma [AOR 37.95(1.41-1021)] and gestational age (AOR 0.096(0.04-.23)) were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among women attending delivery service was 7.9%. Having family history of pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic kidney diseases and gestational age were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension.

Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi General Hospital and Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy induced hypertensive are a major health problem in the obstetric population as they are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess pregnancy induced hypertension and its associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Gebretsadikshawo Hospital and Tepi General Hospital. METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 01 to November 30/2016. The total sample size (422) was proportionally allocated to the three hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Variables with p-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to control cofounding. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 33(7.9%); of which 5(15.2%) were gestational hypertension, 12 (36.4%) were mild preeclampsia, 15(45.5%) were severe preeclampsia and 1 (3%) eclampsia. Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR5.25 (1.39-19.86)], kidney diseases (AOR 3.32(1.04-10.58)), having asthma [AOR 37.95(1.41-1021)] and gestational age (AOR 0.096(0.04-.23)) were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among women attending delivery service was 7.9%. Having family history of pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic kidney diseases and gestational age were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension