Clinical and epidemiological features of respiratory virus infections in preschool children over two consecutive influenza seasons in southern Brazil.

This study reports the results of a systematic screening for respiratory viruses in pediatric outpatients from an emergency department (ED) in southern Brazil during two consecutive influenza seasons. Children eligible for enrollment in this study were aged 24-59 months and presented with acute respiratory symptoms and fever. Naso- and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and multiplex reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to identify the respiratory viruses involved. In total, 492 children were included in this study: 248 in 2010 and 244 in 2011. In 2010, 136 samples (55%) were found to be positive for at least one virus and the most frequently detected viruses were human rhinovirus (HRV) (18%), adenovirus (AdV) (13%), and human coronavirus (CoV) (5%). In 2011, 158 samples (65%) were found to be positive for at least one virus, and the most frequently detected were HRV (29%), AdV (12%), and enterovirus (9%). Further, the presence of asthma (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.86-5.46) was independently associated with HRV infection, whereas fever was associated with AdV (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.31-16.52) and influenza infections (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.26-16.06). Ten patients (2%) were diagnosed with pneumonia, and six of these tested positive for viral infection (4 HRV, 1 RSV, and 1 AdV). Thus, this study identified the most common respiratory viruses found in preschool children in the study region and demonstrated their high frequency, highlighting the need for improved data collection, and case management in order to stimulate preventive measures against these infections. J. Med. Virol. 88:1325-1333, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Adesão dos profissionais de enfermagem à higienização das mãos: uma análise segundo o modelo de crenças em saúde / Nursing professionals' compliance with hand-washing: an analysis according to the health belief model / Adhesión de los profesionales de enfermería a la higienización de las manos: un análisis según el modelo de creencias en salud

Estudo descritivo e analítico cujo objetivo foi compreender fatores relacionados à prática da higienização das mãos. Participaram 40 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino da capital paranaense, no período de abril a maio de 2007. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada baseada no Modelo de Crenças em Saúde; a análise dos dados foi realizada com auxílio de estatística descritiva e recortes dos depoimentos foram utilizados para ilustrar a opinião e valor atribuídos à prática de higienização de mãos. A maioria referiu ter participado de treinamento sobre o tema em estudo, reconheceram sua importância e a própria suscetibilidade a infecções, citaram como benefício a prevenção desses agravos e apontaram como barreiras a falta de conhecimento e as lesões cutâneas decorrentes da higienização das mãos. O Modelo de Crenças em Saúde proporcionou reconhecimento da realidade local e pode contribuir para o planejamento das ações que visem a promoção da higienização de mãos.

A descriptive and analytic study, whose objective was to understand factors related to the practice of hand-washing. 40 nursing professionals from a teaching hospital in the capital of Paraná participated in the study in the period from April to May 2007. Semi-structured interviews based on the Health Belief Model were undertaken; data analysis was done with the help of descriptive statistics and excerpts from the statements were used to illustrate the opinions and value given to the practice of hand-washing. The majority referred to having participated in training on the theme under study, recognized its importance and their own susceptibility to infections, cited it as a benefit in the prevention of these, and indicated as barriers lack of knowledge and skin problems arising from hand-washing. The Health Belief Model afforded recognition of the local reality and can contribute to the planning of actions aimed at promoting hand-washing.

Estudio descriptivo y analítico cuyo objetivo fue comprender factores relacionados a la práctica da higienización de las manos. Participaron 40 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de enseñanza de la capital paranaense, en el periodo de abril a mayo de 2007. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi estructuradas basadas en Modelo de Creencias en salud; el análisis de los datos fue realizado con ayuda de estadística descriptiva y recortes de los relatos fueron utilizados para ilustrar la opinión y valor atribuidos a la práctica de higienización de manos. La mayoría refirió haber participado de entrenamiento sobre el tema en estudio, reconocieron su importancia y la propia susceptibilidad a infecciones, citaron como beneficio la prevención de eses agravios y apuntaron como obstáculos la falta de conocimiento y las lesiones cutáneas causadas por la higienización de los manos. El Modelo de Creencias en salud proporcionó reconocimiento de la realidade local y puede contribuir para el planeamiento de las acciones para la promoción de la higienización de manos.