ABSTRACT
Background: this study aims to investigate the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT in answering questions and solving clinical scenarios of interceptive orthodontics. Materials and Methods: ten specialized orthodontists from ten Italian postgraduate orthodontics schools developed 21 clinical open-ended questions encompassing all of the subspecialities of interceptive orthodontics and 7 comprehensive clinical cases. Questions and scenarios were inputted into ChatGPT4, and the resulting answers were evaluated by the researchers using predefined accuracy (range 1-6) and completeness (range 1-3) Likert scales. Results: For the open-ended questions, the overall median score was 4.9/6 for the accuracy and 2.4/3 for completeness. In addition, the reviewers rated the accuracy of open-ended answers as entirely correct (score 6 on Likert scale) in 40.5% of cases and completeness as entirely correct (score 3 n Likert scale) in 50.5% of cases. As for the clinical cases, the overall median score was 4.9/6 for accuracy and 2.5/3 for completeness. Overall, the reviewers rated the accuracy of clinical case answers as entirely correct in 46% of cases and the completeness of clinical case answers as entirely correct in 54.3% of cases. Conclusions: The results showed a high level of accuracy and completeness in AI responses and a great ability to solve difficult clinical cases, but the answers were not 100% accurate and complete. ChatGPT is not yet sophisticated enough to replace the intellectual work of human beings.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to evaluate if, after treatment with aligners (ALIGN) and fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA), alterations of the neuromuscular activity may occur and if differences in these changes can be detected between the two treatments. Sixteen healthy patients (7 FOA, 9 ALIGN) with class I or class II molar relation were recruited. Standardized surface electromyography (ssEMG) was used to evaluate the activity of the masticatory muscles (masseters-MM and temporalis-TM) before the beginning of the orthodontic treatment (T1), at the end (T2), and 3 months (T3) after the end of the treatment. Intragroup (within timepoints) and intergroup differences were statistically analyzed. At T1, the mean values of each ssEMG index were within the normal range in both groups. At T2, the FOA group showed larger differential recruitment of the MM than TA muscles with a value slightly over the normal range. All the indexes were normalized at T3, and no differences emerged between groups. In the FOA group, the index of MM symmetrical contraction increased significantly at T3 compared to T1 and T2. In the ALIGN group, no significant changes were observed between each timepoint. In FOA subjects, a slight alteration of the muscular activity appeared immediately after bracket removal and this alteration normalized after 3 months of rescue. In subjects treated with aligners, no significant alteration of the muscular activity was assessed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several correlations between morphological and/or positional alterations of the jaws and respiratory functional impairments have been reported. Nasal airway obstruction represents a critical issue with no clearly defined gold standard as for its measurement. Rhinomanometry was adopted by multiple Authors to evaluate whether patients with malocclusion developed respiratory functional changes after an orthodontic-surgical treatment. However, there are contrasting findings in the literature regarding the possibility of improving the respiratory function by means of surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) or bimaxillary repositioning of the bony bases. METHODS: Ten patients aged from 18 to 30 years and scheduled for orthodontic-surgical treatment of maxillary constriction volunteered as participants for this study. Orthognathic surgery consisted in: 1) SARPE in 4 patients; 2) Le Fort I down fracture combined with a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in 6 patients. All patients underwent a computerized rhinomanometric test before treatment (T0) and 40 days after surgery, at the time of the inter-maxillary splint removal (T1). Specifically, all 10 patients received AAR evaluations, while 6 patients received both active anterior (AAR) and active posterior rhinomanometry (APR). RESULTS: Both AAR and APR tests showed a decrease in mean nasal resistance following the intervention. As for the AAR, a difference of 0.19 Pa/s/cm3 was found. The difference found for APR at a reference pressure of 75 Pa was 0.24 Pascal/s/cm3, while for APR at 150 Pa it was 0.20 Pa/s/cm3. CONCLUSIONS: This study helps to confirm respiratory benefits obtainable after mono and bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery.