ABSTRACT
La sobrecarga en el trabajo induce el Síndrome de desgaste profesional o Burnout, caracterizado por la fatiga emocional, despersonalización y sensación de bajo logro personal que aparecen como respuesta de tensiones emocionales. La presente revisión busca describir los factores laborales, sociales y económicos que fomentan el Síndrome de Burnout, analizando premisas que permitieron determinar factores de riesgos asociados. Las principales manifestaciones conductuales de mayor predominio son el agotamiento emocional, actitudes negativas y cambios bruscos de humor. Se ha observado que a objeto de modificar los factores que fomentan el síndrome de Burnout es menester implementar programa de salud en prevención del estrés en el ámbito laboral(AU)
The overload in the work that induces the Burnout Syndrome, which is characterized by emotional fatigue, depersonalization and feeling of low personal achievement that appear as a response of emotional tensions. Theis study aims to describe the labour, social and economic factors that expose producers to develop Burnout Syndrome, analyzing premises that allowed determining risk factors associated with this Syndrome. Emotional exhaustion, negative attitudes and sudden mood swings are the main behavioral manifestations. It has been observed that in order to modify the factors that foment the Burnout syndrome, it is necessary to implement a health program in the prevention of stress in the workplace(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Occupational Health , Burnout, Psychological , Occupational StressABSTRACT
Small intestinal submucosa grafts for vascular regeneration have produced variable patency (0-100%) that has been concurrent with variability in fabrication techniques. We hypothesized that 1) preservation (P) or removal (R) of the stratum compactum layer of the intestine and 2) a dehydrated (D) or hydrated (H) state of the graft, affect early patency and tissue regeneration. We combined both parameters through a 2(2) factorial experimental design into four groups (PD, RD, PH, RH), and compared them in an in vivo early response predictive model (swine, ID 4.5 mm, 7d, n = 4). Patency, thrombogenicity, vascularization, fibroblast infiltration, macrophage polarization profile, endothelialization, and biaxial mechanics were assessed. PD grafts remained patent (4/4) but had scarce vascularization and fibroblast infiltration. RD and RH had extensive vascularization and fibroblast infiltration, however, RD had sustained patency (4/4) and the highest number of regeneration-associated phenotype macrophages (M2), whereas RH had lower patency (3/4) and less M2 macrophages. PH had a modest cellular infiltration, but the lowest patency (2/4) and a dominant adverse macrophage phenotype. Elasticity of R grafts evolved toward that of native carotids (particularly RD), while P grafts kept their initial stiffness. We concluded that fabrication parameters drastically affected early patency and regeneration, with RD providing the best results.
Subject(s)
Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Blood Vessels/physiology , Carotid Arteries/physiology , Jejunum/physiology , Regeneration , Vascular Patency , Animals , Bioprosthesis , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Graft Occlusion, Vascular , Intestinal Mucosa/physiology , Intestinal Mucosa/transplantation , Jejunum/transplantation , Models, Animal , SwineABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha desarrollado una tendencia en los temas de investigación en psicología que se ha caracterizado por un cambio desde los aspectos negativos y patológicos hacia las variables positivas y preventivas como el optimismo y las habilidades de resolución de problemas sociales. Ambas variables han sido consideradas como factores protectores y mediadores ante diferentes dificultades de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las posibles relaciones entre optimismo y habilidades de resolución de problemas sociales. La muestra estuvo conformada por 156 sujetos de sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 46 años, de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó el LOT-R y el SPSI-R. Los resultados indican que los sujetos pesimistas se diferencian de los sujetos normales y optimistas en cuanto a orientación positiva a los problemas, y con los optimistas en solución racional de los problemas: p<0.05
