Association of Food Security With Breastfeeding Practices: A Scoping Review.

Breastfeeding is the fundamental, physiological, and psychosocial process by which the mother feeds the newborn. Early initiation of breastfeeding is recommended within the first hour of life and exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age due to its optimal contribution of nutrients for the development of the newborn. Despite this, there are factors that affect this process which involve the nutritional, physical, and psychological state of the mother, such as food security or food insecurity, however, it is unknown if it will have a decisive impact on these factors concerning the cessation of breastfeeding or total duration of breastfeeding. This study is an in-depth review of the available information related to food security as a determinant in breastfeeding practices. We did a scoping review between December 2022 - January 2023. The principal inclusion criteria were: the use of the English language, qualitative and quantitative methods, and analytical studies. All the articles were available in full text and the manuscripts ranged from 1997 and 2022. Twelve studies were included: eight quantitative, two qualitative, and two mixed. In the quantitative studies, significant positive and negative associations were found between food insecurity, exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, cessation of breastfeeding, and total duration of breastfeeding. For their part, qualitative and mixed studies describe that women with severe food insecurity tend to feel weak and may have a poor perception of their diet and, consequently, their breastfeeding practices are lower. Moreover, there are qualitative studies that mention that the higher the food insecurity, the more frequently breastfeeding occurs. The inconsistency in the results may be due to factors involving the characteristics of each population, the instrument used to measure food security, and the variables by which the models were adjusted. It is necessary to carry out more studies on the subject since it is obvious that the relationship between the variables needs to be clarified.

The stories about racism and health: the development of a framework for racism narratives in medical literature using a computational grounded theory approach.

INTRODUCTION: The scientific study of racism as a root cause of health inequities has been hampered by the policies and practices of medical journals. Monitoring the discourse around racism and health inequities (i.e., racism narratives) in scientific publications is a critical aspect of understanding, confronting, and ultimately dismantling racism in medicine. A conceptual framework and multi-level construct is needed to evaluate the changes in the prevalence and composition of racism over time and across journals. OBJECTIVE: To develop a framework for classifying racism narratives in scientific medical journals. METHODS: We constructed an initial set of racism narratives based on an exploratory literature search. Using a computational grounded theory approach, we analyzed a targeted sample of 31 articles in four top medical journals which mentioned the word 'racism'. We compiled and evaluated 80 excerpts of text that illustrate racism narratives. Two coders grouped and ordered the excerpts, iteratively revising and refining racism narratives. RESULTS: We developed a qualitative framework of racism narratives, ordered on an anti-racism spectrum from impeding anti-racism to strong anti-racism, consisting of 4 broad categories and 12 granular modalities for classifying racism narratives. The broad narratives were "dismissal," "person-level," "societal," and "actionable." Granular modalities further specified how race-related health differences were related to racism (e.g., natural, aberrant, or structurally modifiable). We curated a "reference set" of example sentences to empirically ground each label. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated racism narratives of dismissal, person-level, societal, and actionable explanations within influential medical articles. Our framework can help clinicians, researchers, and educators gain insight into which narratives have been used to describe the causes of racial and ethnic health inequities, and to evaluate medical literature more critically. This work is a first step towards monitoring racism narratives over time, which can more clearly expose the limits of how the medical community has come to understand the root causes of health inequities. This is a fundamental aspect of medicine's long-term trajectory towards racial justice and health equity.

Anthropogenic emission inventory and spatial analysis of greenhouse gases and primary pollutants for the Galapagos Islands.

Climate change and air pollution are critical challenges that humanity is currently facing. Understanding the sources of emissions released into the atmosphere is of great importance to evaluate the local footprint, the impacts of human activities, and the opportunities to develop and implement solutions to mitigate emissions and adapt to climate change particularly in vulnerable places like the Galapagos Islands. In this study, we present an anthropogenic emissions inventory for Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, and Isabela Islands in which emissions were spatially mapped for greenhouse gasses (GHGs) and primary pollutants (PP). Emissions were estimated for the energy stationary sources, energy mobile sources, waste, and other sectors, and emissions for 2019 were spatially distributed along with an uncertainty assessment. Results demonstrated that energy mobile sources which are aerial, terrestrial, and maritime transportation generated the most significant emissions in the Galapagos Islands in terms of PP and GHGs. In fact, maritime transportation was the highest one in 2019, at 41% of total CO2 emissions for Galapagos, with the most predominant PP being NOx and CO. The aerial transportation made up 36% of emissions, and the electricity generation contributed 15%. Emissions from waste and other sectors comprise a smaller percentage relative to the rest of the emission sectors. These results highlight the strong dependency of the islands on fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation. Alternatives to mitigate and reduce emissions from the islands are discussed. This spatially mapped emissions inventory for the Galapagos Islands represents a powerful tool to make informed decisions to contribute to the long-term sustainability of the archipelago.

Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures are followed by a reduction in the multiunitary activity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in adult rats.

Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) blocks the inhibitory action of GABA, triggering a Glu-mediated hyperexcitation of the dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons that leads to the generation of epileptiform seizures. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of PTZ on the electrical activity of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons in male rats. Bipolar electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the right and left hippocampal CA1 fields of adults, and PTZ (65 mg/kg) was administered i.p. Simultaneous recordings of the field activity and the firing rate (multiunitary activity, MUA) were analyzed at 10, 20, and 30 min post-administration of PTZ. Only rats that presented tonic-clonic seizures during the first 1-5 min after PTZ treatment were included in the study. The recordings of the field activity were analyzed in 4 frequency bands. In both the right and left hippocampal CA1 fields, the relative power corresponding to the slow waves (4-7 Hz) increased, while in the bands 13-30 Hz and 31-50 Hz, it decreased at 10, 20, and 30 min post-PTZ. MUA recordings were analyzed at four levels. The highest levels corresponded to larger amplitudes of the action potentials in the pyramidal neurons. The firing rates of the PTZ-treated rats did not differ from baseline but presented a significant decrement at 10, 20, and 30 min post-PTZ. The decreased firing rate of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after PTZ treatment could be associated with plastic changes of dendritic spines along with some microenvironmental adaptations at synaptic level, after neuronal PTZ-mediated hyperexcitation.

Revision sistemática: Orientación sexual homosexual desde una perspectiva generacional / Systematic review: Homosexual sexual orientation from a generational perspective / Revisão sistemática: Orientação sexual homossexual a partir de uma perspectiva geracional

RESUMEN Comprender que una generación humana se ubica en determinada realidad histórica, que representa una época con sus propios sentidos y significados, permite visibilizar que categorias de análisis como la orientación sexual homosexual, son particulares según el momento, lugar y tiempo en el que interactúan las personas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar investigaciones sobre orientación sexual homosexual desde una perspectiva generacional entre los años 2010 a 2020, mediante una revisión sistemática descriptiva de literatura, en: Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ERIC, SciELO y Dialnet. La información recolectada fue analizada a partir de frecuencias correspondientes a bases de datos, idioma, año, continente y país de publicación, y mediante la estrategia metodológica de Mapeamiento Informacional Bibliográfico (MBI), se establecieron categorias de trabajo desde dos miradas: la primera, estudios sobre población con diversidad sexual respecto a ausencia de derechos, construcción de la identidad homosexual, apoyo social, y salud física y mental; y la segunda, estudios con población en general sobre temas relacionados a la homosexualidad a travès de cultura, educación e interacción y actitudes hacia la homosexualidad.

ABSTRACT Understanding that a human generation is located in a certain historical reality that represents a time with its own senses and meanings, allows us to make visible that categories of analysis such as homosexual sexual orientation are particular according to the moment, place and time in which people interact. The objective of the study was to analyze research on homosexual sexual orientation from a generational perspective between the years 20I0 to 2020, through a systematic descriptive review of literature, in: SCOPUS, EBSCO, SCIENCEDIRECT, ERIC, SCIELO and DIALNET The information collected was analyzed from frequencies corresponding to databases, language, year, continent and country of publication, and through the Bibliographic Informational Mapping (MBI) methodological strategy work categories were established from two perspectives: a) first, studies on a population with sexual diversity regarding the absence of rights, construction of homosexual identity, social support, and physical and mental health; and b) second, studies with the general population on issues related to homosexuality through culture, education and interaction and attitudes towards homosexuality.

RESUMO A compreensão de que uma geração humana está localizada em uma determinada realidade histórica, que representa uma época com seus próprios significados e significados, nos permite ver que categorias de análise como a orientação sexual homossexual são particulares de acordo com o tempo, o lugar e o tempo em que as pessoas interagem. O objetivo do estudo era analisar a pesquisa sobre orientação sexual homossexual a partir de uma perspectiva geracional entre 20I0 e 2020, atravès de uma revisão sistemática descritiva da literatura: Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ERIC, SciELO e Dialnet. As informações coletadas foram analisadas a partir de freqüências correspondentes a bancos de dados, idioma, año, continente e país de publicação, e através da estratégia metodológica do Mapeamento de Informações Bibliográficas (IBM), foram estabelecidas categorias de trabalho a partir de duas perspectivas: a primeira, estudos com a população com diversidade sexual a respeito da ausência de direitos, construção da identidade homossexual, apoio social e saúde física e mental; e a segunda, estudos com a população em geral sobre questões relacionadas à homossexualidade através da cultura, educação e interação e atitudes em relação à homossexualidade.

Manejo anestésico y perioperatorio en paciente pediátrico con hiperglicinemia no cetósica / Anesthetic and perioperative management in children with non-ketotic hyperglycinemiawith non-ketotic hyperglycinemia

Presentación del caso: se reporta un paciente pediátrico con diagnóstico de hiperglicinemia no cetósica (HNC), enfermedad neurometabólica poco frecuente ocasionada por una deficiencia en el sistema de segmentación de la glicina, codificada por los genes GLDC, GCSH, AMT y GCSL que conduce a niveles elevados de glicina en la sinapsis generando un efecto agonista prolongado en los receptores N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA). Discusión y conclusiones: se asocia con hipotonía, convulsiones y trastornos de la deglución, los cuales dependerán de la edad de presentación. Se revisa la literatura actual para el abordaje perioperatorio.

Case presentation: we report a child with a diagnosis of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKGH), a rare neurometabolic disease caused by a defect in the glycine cleavage system, encoded by the GLDC, GCSH, AMT and GCSL genes resulting in elevated synaptic glycine levels generating a prolonged agonist effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Discussion and conclusions: it is associated with hypotonia, seizures and swallowing disorders, which will depend on the age at presentation. A literature review was conducted to tailor perioperative approach.

Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in adult rats are associated with plastic changes to the dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder whereby an imbalance between neurochemical excitation and inhibition at the synaptic level provokes seizures. Various experimental models have been used to study epilepsy, including that based on acute or chronic administration of Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In this study, a single PTZ dose (60 mg/kg) was administered to adult male rats and 30 min later, various neurobiological parameters were studied related to the transmission and modulation of excitatory impulses in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 field. Rats experienced generalized seizures 1-3 min after PTZ administration, accompanied by elevated levels of Synaptophysin and Glutaminase. This response suggests presynaptic glutamate release is exacerbated to toxic levels, which eventually provokes neuronal death as witnessed by the higher levels of Caspase-3, TUNEL and GFAP. Similarly, the increase in PSD-95 suggests that viable dendritic spines are functional. Indeed, the increase in stubby and wide spines is likely related to de novo spinogenesis, and the regulation of neuronal excitability, which could represent a plastic response to the synaptic over-excitation. Furthermore, the increase in mushroom spines could be associated with the storage of cognitive information and the potentiation of thin spines until they are transformed into mushroom spines. However, the reduction in BDNF suggests that the activity of these spines would be down-regulated, may in part be responsible for the cognitive decline related to hippocampal function in patients with epilepsy.

Relación entre clima organizacional y violencia laboral en funcionarios de una universidad pública / Relationship between organizational climate and workplace violence in public university officials

Introducción: El clima laboral se relaciona con el acoso psicológico en el trabajo. No obstante, son escasos los estudios encontrados sobre la relación entre clima y violencia laboral en el contexto universitario. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el clima y la violencia laboral en funcionarios de una universidad pública. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional con diseño transversal, con la participación de 410 funcionarios. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Clima Laboral del Departamento Administrativo de la Función Pública de Colombia y el Inventario de Violencia y Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una relación negativa entre el clima y la violencia laboral (r=-0,441, p<0,005), en esta se resaltan estrechas asociaciones entre la dimensión obstáculos al desempeño laboral, y estilo de liderazgo, administración del talento humano y clima general. Conclusiones: La presencia de violencia laboral se relaciona con bajos niveles de favorabilidad de clima laboral y viceversa. Los comportamientos característicos de obstáculos al desempeño laboral y los referentes a "manipulación para inducir al castigo" son los que aportan en mayor medida a esta desfavorabilidad. Este tipo de violencia, sin una debida intervención puede llegar a convertirse en acoso psicológico en el trabajo.

Introduction: Work environment isaffected by psychological harassment in the workplace. However, there are few studies on the relationship between workplace climate and violence in the university context. Objective: To analyze the relationship between workplace climate and violence in public university employees. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted with 410 workers. The Work Climate Questionnaire of the Administrative Department of Public Service of Colombia and the Inventory of Violence and Psychological Harassment at Work were used. Results: It was found that there is a negative relationship between climate and violence in the workplace (r = -0.441, p <0.005), in which two close associations are highlighted: (i) the dimension of work performance obstacles and the leadership style; and (ii) human talent management and general climate. Conclusions: The presence of workplace violence is related to low levels of a favorable work environment and vice versa. The characteristic behaviors of the dimension world performance obstacles and those related to the variable manipulation to induce punishment are the ones that contribute the most to this unfavorable association. This type of violence, without proper intervention, can become psychological harassment at work.

Characterization of 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidases from Borrelia burgdorferi: Antibiotic targets for Lyme disease.

BACKGROUND: Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the occurrence of Lyme disease in the U.S. has now reached approximately 300,000 cases annually. Early stage Borrelia burgdorferi infections are generally treatable with oral antibiotics, but late stage disease is more difficult to treat and more likely to lead to post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. METHODS: Here we examine three unique 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (MTA/SAH) nucleosidases (MTNs or MTANs, EC 3.2.2.9) responsible for salvage of adenine and methionine in B. burgdorferi and explore their potential as antibiotic targets to treat Lyme disease. Recombinant Borrelia MTNs were expressed and purified from E. coli. The enzymes were extensively characterized for activity, specificity, and inhibition using a UV spectrophotometric assay. In vitro antibiotic activities of MTN inhibitors were assessed using a bioluminescent BacTiter-Glo™ assay. RESULTS: The three Borrelia MTNs showed unique activities against the native substrates MTA, SAH, and 5'-deoxyadenosine. Analysis of substrate analogs revealed that specific activity rapidly dropped as the length of the 5'-alkylthio substitution increased. Non-hydrolysable nucleoside transition state analogs demonstrated sub-nanomolar enzyme inhibition constants. Lastly, two late stage transition state analogs exerted in vitro IC50 values of 0.3-0.4 µg/mL against cultured B. burgdorferi cells. CONCLUSION: B. burgdorferi is unusual in that it expresses three distinct MTNs (cytoplasmic, membrane bound, and secreted) that are effectively inactivated by nucleoside analogs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The Borrelia MTNs appear to be promising targets for developing new antibiotics to treat Lyme disease.

Relación entre percepción del riesgo, estrés y afrontamiento a riesgos extremos en una comunidad estudiantil ubicada en una zona de amenaza volcánica / Relationship between risk perception, stress and coping to extreme risks in a student community located in a volcanic threat zone

Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar el grado de correlación entre las variables de percepción del riesgo volcánico, estrés y afrontamiento a riesgos extremos en estudiantes de una institución educativa ubicada en una zona de amenaza volcánica. Se utilizó un método de tipo descriptivo-correlacional y se aplicaron los instrumentos afrontamiento a riesgos extremos, percepción del riesgo y escala tolousana de estrés. Se observa que en general los diferentes factores de la prueba de estrés se correlacionan con afrontamiento pasivo, activo y sentimientos de inseguridad. En la prueba de percepción del riesgo, el factor de sentimiento de inseguridad presenta correlación con afrontamiento, activo y pasivo, mientras que el sentimiento de control solo con el factor de afrontamiento activo.

Abstract The research aimed to determine the degree of correlation between the variables: perception of volcanic risk, stress and coping to extreme risks in students of an educational institution. A descriptive-correlational method was used, and the instruments that were applied: Coping to Extreme Risks, Risk Perception and Tolousana Stress Scale. It is observed that the different factors of the stress test are correlated with passive, active coping and feelings of insecurity. In the risk perception test, the feeling of insecurity are correlated with coping active and passive, while the feeling of control, only are correlated with the active coping.

Promoción de estilos de vida saludables: estrategias y escenarios / Promotion of healthy lifestyles: strategies and scenarios / Promoção de estilos de vida saudaveís: estrategias e cenarios

Resumen Objetivo: analizar las estrategias de promoción de la salud para el fomento de Estilos de Vida Saludables en escenarios de familia, trabajo, comunidad, educación y sector sanitario. Método: estudio descriptivo a partir de la revisión y análisis sistemático de estudios originales primarios sobre estrategias de promoción de la salud y estilos de vida saludables, haciendo uso de la lista de control PRISMA. Resultados: se identificaron tres estrategias de PS para el fomento de EVS, estas se basaron en información, educación, cambio de actitudes, fortalecimiento de la autoestima y toma de decisiones a través de salud móvil, técnicas de motivación, talleres prácticos y psicoeducación. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de estrategias que promueven estilos de vida saludables es incipiente en escenarios como el lugar de trabajo y la familia, lo cual genera una baja cobertura poblacional y demanda acciones interdisciplinarias desde diferentes campos como el de la Psicología de la Salud.

Abstract Objective: To analyze Health Promotion (HP) strategies for the encouragement of healthy lifestyles (EHL) in family, work, community, education and the health sector scenarios. Method: descriptive study based on the systematic review and analysis of primary original studies on health promotion strategies in healthy lifestyles, making use of the PRISMA checklist. Results: three HP strategies were identified for the promotion of EHL which were based on information, education, change of attitudes, strengthening of self-esteem and decision making through mobile health, motivation techniques, practical workshops and psychoeducation. Conclusions: the development of strategies that promote healthy lifestyles is incipient in scenarios such as the workplace and the family, which generates low population coverage and demands interdisciplinary actions from different fields such as the Psychology of health.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as estratégias de promoção da saúde para o fomento de Estilos de Vida Saludáveis em cenários de família, trabalho, comunidade, educação e setor sanitário. Método: estudo descritivo a partir da revisão e analise sistemático de estudos originais primários sobre estratégias de promoção da saúde e estilos de vida saudáveis, fazendo uso da lista de controle PRISMA. Resultados: Identificaram-se três estratégias de PS para o fomento de EVS, estas se basearam em informação, educação, cambio de atitudes, fortalecimento da autoestima e toma de decisões a través de saúde móvel, técnicas de motivação, oficinas práticos e psico-educação. Conclusões: o desenvolvimento de estratégias que promovem estilos de vida saudáveis é incipiente em cenários como o lugar de trabalho e a família, o qual gera uma baixa cobertura populacional e demanda ações interdisciplinares desde diferentes campos como o da Psicologia da Saúde.

Proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual en estudiantes de una universidad pública / Recognition process related to homosexual orientation in students of a public university

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar con perspectiva propositiva el proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual en estudiantes gays y lesbianas de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Pasto. Método: Paradigma cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Los participantes fueron 3 hombres gays y 3 mujeres lesbianas. Se utilizaron técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información, revisión documental, observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada, historia de vida, mapeo comunitario, Delphi Online y Escala de Reconocimiento Social de la Homosexualidad. Por medio de las cuales se pudo visibilizar este proceso de reconocimiento, a través de las etapas de surgimiento, identificación, asumir una identidad, aceptar la identidad, consolidar, autoevaluar y apoyar a otros. Resultados: Se identificaron dificultades a lo largo de este proceso de reconocimiento, como prejuicios, estereotipos y homofobia a nivel familiar y social, lo que conlleva al ocultamiento de la orientación. Se reconoció la importancia de las redes de apoyo como la familia y amigos, como base fundamental para el reconocimiento y aceptación de la homosexualidad. Es así, como en esta investigación en coherencia con el objetivo, se proponen estrategias para fortalecer el proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual a partir de ideas propuestas por los mismos participantes, entre las que se destacan: el empoderamiento homosexual, fortalecimiento de las redes de apoyo y la educación sobre la diversidad sexual. Discusión: El proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual por el cual atraviesa una persona se puede resumir en seis etapas, demostrando lo complejo que puede llegar a ser, el hecho de reconocerse ante sí mismo y ante los demás como una persona con sentimientos y deseos hacia alguien de su mismo sexo. Se resalta la trascendencia de la parte social y familiar, y se generan posturas críticas enfatizadas en la aceptación del otro.

Abstract Objective: This research paper aims to analyze from a propositive point of view, the process of sexual orientation for gays, lesbians students of a public university in Pasto. Method: This research is conducted based on a qualitative paradigm with hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Three men gays and three lesbians were participants. Techniques and data collection instruments, documentary review, participatory observation technique, semi-structured interview, curriculum vitae, community mapping, Delphi method and social recognition of homosexuality scale, were used. Through these techniques, was possible to provide evidence of this recognition process through stages such as: emergence, identification, identity adoption and acceptance, consolidation, self-evaluation, and support others. Results: Difficulties along this recognition process, such as prejudices, stereotypes and homophobia on family and social status, inducing concealment of the sexual orientation were identified. The importance of support networks such as family and friends, as fundamental base for homosexuality recognition and acceptance are evident. Since in this research according to its objective, strategies to strengthen the recognition process for the sexual orientation based on ideas suggested by the participants, are proposed. Among these strategies, the following are worth mentioning: empowerment of homosexual behavior, strengthening of support networks of support and the education on sexual diversity. Discussion: The recognition process related to homosexual orientation through which a person goes through can be considered taking into account six stages, showing how complex might be to recognize himself or herself and in front of others as a person who has feelings and desires towards people of the same sex. Social and family status are highlighted, and critical point of views emphasizing on the acceptance of the other are considered.

Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Risk of Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype in Mexican Women.

The objective was to estimate the risk of breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes in relation to the average glycemic index (GI) and the dietary glycemic load (GL) in Mexican women. From 2007 to 2011, a study of incident cases and population controls was conducted in five states of northern Mexico. A subsample of 509 cases matched 1:1 by age with 509 controls was selected. With a food frequency questionnaire, information about diet was obtained, and GI and GL were calculated. The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in tumors was obtained from medical records. Patients were classified as luminal A (RE+ and/or PR+/HER2-), HER2+ (RE+ and/or PR+/HER2+ and RE-/PR-/HER2+), or triple negative (TN) (RE-/PR-/HER2-). GI and GL associations with BC molecular subtypes were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. GI was positively associated with luminal A (OR= 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22), HER2+ (OR= 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.30), and TN (OR= 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.39) BC. GL was not associated with BC molecular subtypes. These results suggest that the type of carbohydrate consumed is associated with increased BC regardless of the luminal A, HER2+, and TN subtypes.

EvoMining reveals the origin and fate of natural product biosynthetic enzymes.

Natural products (NPs), or specialized metabolites, are important for medicine and agriculture alike, and for the fitness of the organisms that produce them. NP genome-mining aims at extracting biosynthetic information from the genomes of microbes presumed to produce these compounds. Typically, canonical enzyme sequences from known biosynthetic systems are identified after sequence similarity searches. Despite this being an efficient process, the likelihood of identifying truly novel systems by this approach is low. To overcome this limitation, we previously introduced EvoMining, a genome-mining approach that incorporates evolutionary principles. Here, we release and use our latest EvoMining version, which includes novel visualization features and customizable databases, to analyse 42 central metabolic enzyme families (EFs) conserved throughout Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Pseudomonas and Archaea. We found that expansion-and-recruitment profiles of these 42 families are lineage specific, opening the metabolic space related to 'shell' enzymes. These enzymes, which have been overlooked, are EFs with orthologues present in most of the genomes of a taxonomic group, but not in all. As a case study of canonical shell enzymes, we characterized the expansion and recruitment of glutamate dehydrogenase and acetolactate synthase into scytonemin biosynthesis, and into other central metabolic pathways driving Archaea and Bacteria adaptive evolution. By defining the origin and fate of enzymes, EvoMining complements traditional genome-mining approaches as an unbiased strategy and opens the door to gaining insights into the evolution of NP biosynthesis. We anticipate that EvoMining will be broadly used for evolutionary studies, and for generating predictions of unprecedented chemical scaffolds and new antibiotics. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.

Uso de redes sociales en las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela / Use of social networks in the scientific journals of the University of Los Andes, Venezuela

Resumen En una sociedad donde las barreras parecen día a día más difusas, las Redes Sociales (RRSS) constituyen uno los principales vehículos de comunicación directo para acceder, compartir, usar y apropiarse de contenidos que hasta hace algún tiempo implicaba mayores labores. El objetivo de este estudio fue ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre la participación en estos canales, como medios adecuados para la divulgación de conocimientos, en cada una de las 90 revistas científicas de la Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), abordado desde una metodología de trabajo de carácter documental, con diseño no experimental-transversal de tipo descriptivo, donde se determinó la presencia -y sus respectivas características- de los objetos de estudio en dos RRSS horizontales-generalistas: Facebook y Twitter, y dos verticales, de contenido y de perfiles profesionales: Youtube y LinkedIn, dadas sus capacidades de apertura y penetración en una parte importante de la población que tiene conexión a la Red. Sin embargo, se percibió que apenas el 22,3 % de las publicaciones periódicas analizadas es miembro de al menos una de estas RRSS, algunas no cuentan con constante actividad y, por tanto, la cifra de suscriptores es corta y su alcance limitado. Se recomienda al personal que allí hace vida académica procurar esfuerzos para alcanzar mejores índices de visibilidad y difusión, así como el registro en más comunidades virtuales y el trabajo constante en el mantenimiento de ellas.

Abstract In a society where barriers seem to be increasingly diffusive, Social Networks seem to be one of the main methods of direct communication to access, share, use and obtain content that at one time implicated hours of research. The objective of this study was to offer a diagnosis about of the participation in these channels, as appropriate means for the dissemination of knowledge, of each of the 90 scientific journals of the University of Los Andes (ULA). The same was approached from a documentary work methodology, with non-experimental-transverse descriptive design, where a presence was determined -along with its respective characteristics- in two horizontal-general Social Networks -such as Facebook and Twitter-, and two vertical Social Networks, one of the this of professional profile -LinkedIn-, and other of contents: Youtube. This is so given the availability and accessibility to a substantial part of the population with access to the internet. Nevertheless, it was perceived that only 22,3% of journals analyzed were members of at least one of this Social Networks. Of these, some are not consistently active and as such, the list of subscribers is short and its accessibility, limited. It is recommended that their respective personnel make a concerted effort to improve their visibility and broadcasting, such as registration in more Social Networks and a constant maintenance of them.

Revisión sistemática de las concepciones de cultura organizacional / Systematic review of the conceptions of organizational culture

Resumen Introducción: Las diferentes concepciones de la cultura organizacional se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas, dependiendo de éstas, se proponen, desarrollan y evalúan estrategias de intervención encaminadas a mejorar el bienestar de los miembros que las conforman. Objetivo: Describir las concepciones de cultura organizacional en las publicaciones de la base de datos EBSCO host durante los últimos seis años. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática descriptiva de 71 artículos publicados en la base de datos EBSCO host, desde el año 2012 hasta el 2017. Resultados: Se identificó 110 definiciones de cultura organizacional, las cuales se clasificaron en cinco subcategorías: valores y creencias organizacionales, actitud organizacional, identidad organizacional, empresarial y aprendizaje organizacional. Conclusiones: La cultura organizacional se comprende desde diversas concepciones, vislumbrando con ello el desarrollo y aporte académico que ha tenido dicha temática.

Abstract Introduction: The different conceptions of organizational culture have been developed in recent decades. Depending on these, intervention strategies are proposed, developed and evaluated with the aim of improving the well-being of the members that make them up. Objective: To describe the conceptions of organizational culture in the publications of the EBSCO host database over the last six years. Materials and methods: A descriptive systematic review of 71 articles published in the database EBSCO host from 2012 to 2017 was made. Results: 110 definitions of organizational culture were identified, which were classified into five subcategories: organizational values and beliefs, organizational attitude, organizational identity, business and organizational learning. Conclusions: The organizational culture is understood from different conceptions, thus envisioning the development and academic contribution that this thematic has had.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Evaluación de Calidad de Vida Laboral en el sector transporte urbano / Psychometric properties of the assessment of quality of working life scale in the urban transport sector

Resumen Introducción: La Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) es el grado de satisfacción, bienestar físico, psicológico y social que experimentan las personas en su entorno de trabajo; contiene las dimensiones objetiva, y subjetiva. Para este estudio se abordó la dimensión subjetiva de la CVL, conformada por salud laboral, bienestar laboral y percepción del trabajo. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Evaluación de Calidad de Vida Laboral en el Sector Transporte. Materiales y métodos: El estudio es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-instrumental de la Escala que consta de 108 ítems y fue aplicada a 468 conductores del Sistema Estratégico de Transporte Público de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto. Se calcularon las pruebas de Kaiser Meyer Olkin y de esfericidad de Bartlett, el análisis factorial exploratorio y Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: La escala presentó características adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad, evalúa dos factores que son bienestar laboral y estilos de vida saludable y se presentan los baremos respectivos para ser aplicada. Conclusiones: El análisis factorial permite afirmar que la Escala de Calidad de Vida Laboral en el Sector Transporte puede aplicarse en estudios posteriores.

Abstract Introduction: The Quality of Working Life (QWL) is the degree of satisfaction, physical, mental and social well-being experienced by people in their working environment; it contains the objective and subjective dimensions. For this study, the subjective dimension of the QWL was addressed, which is formed by occupational health, labor welfare and perception of the work. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the assessment of quality of life scale at work in the transport sector. Materials and methods: A quantitative descriptive-instrumental study of the scale was made, which consists of 108 items and was applied to 468 drivers of the strategic system of public transport in the city of San Juan de Pasto. The evidence of Kaiser Meyer Olkin and roundness of Bartlett, the factorial analysis and Cronbach Alpha were calculated. Results: The scale presented appropriate features of validity and reliability. It evaluates two factors: labor welfare and healthy life styles, and the respective scales to be applied are presented. Conclusions: The factorial analysis allows us to affirm that the Scale of Quality of Working Life in the transport sector can be applied in subsequent studies.

Validation of a Standardized Procedure for Measuring Implicit Attitudes to Suicide / Validación de un procedimiento estandarizado de medición de actitudes implícitas frente al suicidio

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue validar un procedimiento estandarizado de medición de actitudes implícitas frente al suicidio en estudiantes universitarios. Como criterios de validación concurrente para el Procedimiento de Evaluación Relacional Implícita (IRAP, abreviatura en inglés de Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure) hacia el suicidio (IRAP-HS), se utilizó el Inventario de Ideas Suicidas Positivas y Negativas (PANSI, abreviatura en inglés de Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation) y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck, aplicados a una muestra de 102 estudiantes de una universidad del Departamento de Nariño. Si bien los resultados encontrados en este trabajo carecen de la contundencia necesaria para plantearse la aplicabilidad clínica del IRAP-HS en el corto plazo, el comportamiento de las puntuaciones DIRAP (obtenidas mediante un proceso que busca contrarrestar los efectos de la variabilidad de los participantes relacionada con factores como la edad, la habilidad motriz y la inteligencia) en los diferentes grupos de comparación, definitivamente no permite descartar que la latencia de respuesta a los ensayos esté siendo afectada por el grado de coherencia entre la red verbal de los participantes y las relaciones especificadas en los arreglos contingenciales del procedimiento. Finalmente, se analizan algunas implicaciones de los resultados para la aplicabilidad del IRAP en la práctica clínica.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to validate a standardized procedure for measuring attitudes towards suicide in university students. As the concurrent validation criteria for the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to suicide (IRAP-HS), the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideas Inventory (PANSI) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale were administered to a sample of 102 students of the University of Nariño. Although the results found lack of a strong response to consider the clinical applicability of the IRAP-HS in the short term, the behavior of the DIRAP scores (obtained through a process that seeks to counteract the effects of participant variability related to factors such as age, motor skills and intelligence) in the different comparison groups does not definitively allow dismissing that the response latency to the trials is being affected by the degree of consistency between the verbal network of the participants and the relationships specified in the contingency arrangements of the procedure. Finally, some implications of the results for the applicability of IRAP-HS in clinical practice are analyzed.

Manifestaciones de la violencia basada en género en docentes universitarios / Gender-based violence manifestations in university teachers

Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el fenómeno de las manifestaciones de la Violencia Basada en Género (VBG) en docentes universitarios. Se siguió una metodología cua litativa con enfoque fenomenológico propositivo. Las técnicas desarrolladas para la recolección de información fueron: grupos focales, observación participante, cuestionarios y talleres de in vestigación. Los objetivos específicos alcanzados fueron: a) caracterizar las manifestaciones de VBG en docentes, b) reconocer las actitudes frente a las manifestaciones de VBG en docentes y, c) construir con docentes una estrategia orientada a prevenir las manifestaciones de VBG en el contexto universitario. Se concluyó que existen manifestaciones de VBG físicas, sexuales y psi cológicas entre la comunidad universitaria, que han permitido consolidar actitudes favorables y desfavorables frente a este tipo de violencia, por lo que resulta importante implementar acciones de intervención en el contexto universitario con el fin de visibilizar la VBG y disminuir sus efec tos negativos en toda la población.

Abstract This research aimed at understanding the phenomenon of gender-based violence manifestations in university teachers. The methodology was qualitative with a propositional phenomenologi cal approach. The techniques developed for data collection were: focus on groups, participant observation, questionnaires and research workshops. The specific objectives achieved were: a) characterize the manifestations of GBV in teachers, b) recognize attitudes towards the teachers manifestations of GBV, and c) to design with the teachers a strategy to prevent manifestations of GBV in the university context. It was concluded that there are physical, sexual and psychological GBV manifestations among the university community that have resulted in the consolidation of favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards this type of violence. Therefore, it is important to implement actions in the university context in order to make the VBG visible and reduce its negative effects on the population.