Effects of different strength and velocity training programs on physical performance in youth futsal players.

Futsal is a high intensity team sport with intermittent actions of short duration, so it is necessary to include different training strategies to improve explosive actions. There is a gap in the scientific literature regarding training programs that improve the performance of young futsal players. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different strength and velocity training programs on lower body physical performance in youth futsal players. Forty-two youth futsal players were divided into control group (CG, n = 14) and a strength intervention group (SG, n = 14), which included a weekly session for 8 weeks of eccentric strength training, plyometrics and core strengthening, and a velocity intervention group (VG, n = 14), which included a weekly session during 8 weeks of training with linear speed exercises and with change of direction, accelerations with resistance bands and core strengthening. SG significantly improved horizontal jump (HJ) (p:0.02), V-CUT (p:0.91) and change of direction deficit (CODD) (p:0.01). VG showed significant improvements in HJ (p:0.01), in 25 m sprint (p:0.01), in total repeated sprint ability time (p:0.01), in V-CUT (p:0.01) and in CODD (p:0.01). SG showed significant intergroup differences (p:0.01) in COD variables with respect to CG and VG. In conclusion, SG and VG showed significant improvements in lower body performance variables in youth futsal players. In addition, the SG has substantial changes in COD compared to the other two groups, so it has a greater effect.

Utilidad del citoquímico urinario en cuidados intensivos, una herramienta olvidada

El sedimento urinario es una herramienta utilizada hace tantos años para caracterizar manifestaciones renales de enfermedades primarias y secundarias, que es necesario realizar una estandarización y aprender a interpretar el mismo. En los pacientes ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, muchas veces no se realiza, o hay que tener en cuenta varios factores para su interpretación debido al estado hemodinámico del paciente a la filtración glomerular, la excreción tubular, la reabsorción de agua y los solutos además del equilibrio acido-base, los cuales pueden variar significativamente en pacientes en estado crítico con diferentes condiciones fisiopatológicas. Se presenta una revisión de las condiciones para la interpretación del urianálisis.

A urinary sediment is a tool used for years to characterize renal manifestations of primary and secondary diseases, which requires standardization and learning to interpret it. In patients admitted to the intensive care unit, it is often not performed, or several factors must be taken into account for its interpretation due to the patient's hemodynamic status, glomerular filtration, tubular excretion, water reabsorption, and solutes. In addition to the acid-base balance, which can vary significantly in critically ill patients with different pathophysiological conditions? A review of the conditions for the interpretation of urinalysis is presented.

Utilidad del citoquímico urinario en cuidados intensivos, una herramienta olvidada / The usefulness of urinary sediment in intensive care, a forgotten tool

El sedimento urinario es una herramienta utilizada hace tantos años para caracterizar manifestaciones renales de enfermedades primarias y secundarias, que es necesario realizar una estandarización y aprender a interpretar el mismo. En los pacientes ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, muchas veces no se realiza, o hay que tener en cuenta varios factores para su interpretación debido al estado hemodinámico del paciente a la filtración glomerular, la excreción tubular, la reabsorción de agua y los solutos además del equilibrio acido-base, los cuales pueden variar significativamente en pacientes en estado crítico con diferentes condiciones fisiopatológicas. Se presenta una revisión de las condiciones para la interpretación del urianálisis.

A urinary sediment is a tool used for years to characterize renal manifestations of primary and secondary diseases, which requires standardization and learning to interpret it. In patients admitted to the intensive care unit, it is often not performed, or several factors must be taken into account for its interpretation due to the patient's hemodynamic status, glomerular filtration, tubular excretion, water reabsorption, and solutes. In addition to the acid-base balance, which can vary significantly in critically ill patients with different pathophysiological conditions? A review of the conditions for the interpretation of urinalysis is presented.

Organization and Characterization of the Promoter Elements of the rRNA Operons in the Slow-Growing Pathogen Mycobacterium kumamotonense.

The slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium Mycobacterium kumamotonense possesses two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, located downstream from the murA and tyrS genes, respectively. Here, we report the sequence and organization of the promoter regions of these two rrn operons. In the rrnA operon, transcription can be initiated from the two promoters, named P1 rrnA and PCL1, while in rrnB, transcription can only start from one, called P1 rrnB. Both rrn operons show a similar organization to the one described in Mycobacterium celatum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Furthermore, by qRT-PCR analyses of the products generated from each promoter, we report that stress conditions such as starvation, hypoxia, and cellular infection affect the contribution of each operon to the synthesis of pre-rRNA. It was found that the products from the PCL1 promoter of rrnA play a pivotal role in rRNA synthesis during all stress conditions. Interestingly, the main participation of the products of transcription from the P1 promoter of rrnB was found during hypoxic conditions at the NRP1 phase. These results provide novel insights into pre-rRNA synthesis in mycobacteria, as well as the potential ability of M. kumamotonense to produce latent infections.

Efficacy of high-intensity interval- or continuous aerobic-training on insulin resistance and muscle function in adults with metabolic syndrome: a clinical trial.

PURPOSE: We carried out a randomized, clinical trial in adults of both sexes with metabolic syndrome (MS) to assess the efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training (HIIT) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin resistance (IR), muscle mass, muscle activation, and serum musclin. METHODS: Fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and glycated haemoglobin were determined by conventional methods, IR by Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), lean mass by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, muscle activation through carnosine by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and musclin by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay before and after a supervised, three-times/week, 12-week treadmill programme. HIIT (n = 29) consisted of six intervals with one-minute, high-intensity phases at 90% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). MICT (n = 31) trained at 60% of VO2peak for 30 min. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 50.8 ± 6.0 years, body mass index of 30.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2, and VO2peak of 29.0 ± 6.3 mL.kg-1.min-1. Compared to MICT, HIIT was not superior at reducing Ln HOMA-IR (adjusted mean difference: 0.083 [95%CI - 0.092 to 0.257]), carnosine or musclin or at increasing thigh lean mass. HIIT increased carnosine by 0.66 mmol/kg.ww (95% CI 0.08-1.24) after intervention. Both interventions reduced IR, body fat percentage and increased total lean mass/height2 and VO2peak. Musclin showed a non-significant reduction with a small effect size after both interventions. CONCLUSION: Compared to MICT, HIIT is not superior at reducing IR, carnosine or musclin or at increasing skeletal muscle mass in adults with MS. Both training types improved IR, muscle mass and body composition. NCT03087721, March 22nd, 2017. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03087721. Registered March 22nd, 2017.

Non-Invasive Method to Detect Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar by Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Feces with an Electronic Nose System.

More effective methods to detect bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wildlife, is of paramount importance for preventing disease spread to other wild animals, livestock, and human beings. In this study, we analyzed the volatile organic compounds emitted by fecal samples collected from free-ranging wild boar captured in Doñana National Park, Spain, with an electronic nose system based on organically-functionalized gold nanoparticles. The animals were separated by the age group for performing the analysis. Adult (>24 months) and sub-adult (12-24 months) animals were anesthetized before sample collection, whereas the juvenile (<12 months) animals were manually restrained while collecting the sample. Good accuracy was obtained for the adult and sub-adult classification models: 100% during the training phase and 88.9% during the testing phase for the adult animals, and 100% during both the training and testing phase for the sub-adult animals, respectively. The results obtained could be important for the further development of a non-invasive and less expensive detection method of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife populations.

Strategies for Targeting Gene Therapy in Cancer Cells With Tumor-Specific Promoters.

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, surpassed only by cardiovascular diseases, due to the lack of early diagnosis, and high relapse rate after conventional therapies. Chemotherapy inhibits the rapid growth of cancer cells, but it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rate. Therefore, it is imperative to develop other safe and more effective treatment strategies, such as gene therapy, in order to significantly improve the survival rate and life expectancy of patients with cancer. The aim of gene therapy is to transfect a therapeutic gene into the host cells to express itself and cause a beneficial biological effect. However, the efficacy of the proposed strategies has been insufficient for delivering the full potential of gene therapy in the clinic. The type of delivery vehicle (viral or non viral) chosen depends on the desired specificity of the gene therapy. The first gene therapy trials were performed with therapeutic genes driven by viral promoters such as the CMV promoter, which induces non-specific toxicity in normal cells and tissues, in addition to cancer cells. The use of tumor-specific promoters over-expressed in the tumor, induces specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters systems have been developed to target cancer cells. This review aims to provide up-to-date information concerning targeting gene therapy with cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters including cancer suppressor genes, suicide genes, anti-tumor angiogenesis, gene silencing, and gene-editing technology, as well as the type of delivery vehicle employed. Gene therapy can be used to complement traditional therapies to provide more effective treatments.

Efecto en la transfusión posoperatoria de pacientes con artroplastia de rodilla mediante dosis única de ácido tranexámico preoperatorio entre los años 2010 - 2016 en una institución hospitalaria / Effect in the postoperative transfusion of patients with knee arthroplasty using a single dose of preoperative tranexamic acid in the HUCSR year 2010 to 2016

Introducción La transfusión posoperatoria es una complicación frecuente de la artroplastia de rodilla. El ácido tranexámico (AT) ha demostrado eficacia en disminuir la probabilidad de sangrado, sin embargo, son pocos los estudios en cuanto al tema. Los objetivos del estudio son: 1) Comparar el efecto de dosis única de 1g de ácido tranexámico preoperatoria en la tasa de transfusión en pacientes a quienes se realizó artroplastia de rodilla entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2016. 2) Caracterizar población de pacientes a quienes se realizó artroplastia de rodilla. 3) Determinar tasa de transfusión sanguínea en grupos de estudio. 4) Determinar factores de riesgo para transfusión sanguínea en pacientes con artroplastia de rodilla. Materiales y Metodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo corte transversal analítico retrospectivo. Resultados Tasa de transfusión en grupo sin AT=15,2%; en grupo con AT=1,2%. La sangre perdida y el tiempo quirúrgico no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos (p>0,05). Se consideran factores de riesgo: anticoagulación (OR 3,52; IC95% 1,28-9,65), insuficiencia renal crónica (OR 5,91; IC95% 1,11-31,27) y artritis reumatoidea (OR 55,83; IC95% 18,34-169,91). Discusión Según regresión logística, la cantidad de sangre perdida y administración del AT pueden predecir con un 97.5% de acierto la probabilidad de transfusión ante presencia de artritis reumatoide. La pérdida sanguínea mayor a 400 cc aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de transfusión cuando no se administra AT. El uso de AT preoperatorio es efectivo en reducir la tasa de transfusión sanguínea en pacientes a quienes se realiza ATR. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Background Postoperative transfusion is a common complication of knee arthroplasty. Tranexamic acid has shown efficacy in reducing the probability of bleeding, however, there are few studies on the subject. The aims of the study are: 1) To compare the effect of a single dose of 1g of preoperative tranexamic acid on the transfusion rate in patients who underwent knee arthroplasty between January 2010 and December 2016. 2) Characterize the population of patients who underwent knee arthroplasty. 3) Determine blood transfusion rate in study groups. 4) Determine risk factors for blood transfusion in patients with knee arthroplasty. Methods A descriptive observational study of a retrospective analytical cross section type was performed. Results Group transfusion rate without TA=15.2%, group transfusion rate with TA=1.2%. The blood loss and the surgical time did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). The following are considered risk factors: anticoagulation (OR: 3.52; 95%CI 1.28-9.65), chronic renal failure (OR: 5.91; 95%CI 1.11-31.27) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 55.83; 95%CI 18.34-169.91). Discussion According to logistic regression, the amount of blood lost and administration of the TA can predict with a 97.5% accuracy the probability of transfusion in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. Blood loss greater than 400 cc significantly increases the probability of transfusion when TA is not administered. The use of preoperative TA is effective in reducing the rate of blood transfusion in patients who undergo ATR Evidence Level: III

Exhaled breath analysis for gastric cancer diagnosis in Colombian patients.

We present here the first study that directly correlates gastric cancer (GC) with specific biomarkers in the exhaled breath composition on a South American population, which registers one of the highest global incidence rates of gastric affections. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel solid state sensor that predicts correct GC diagnosis with 97% accuracy. Alveolar breath samples of 30 volunteers (patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and a controls group formed of patients diagnosed with other gastric diseases) were collected and analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and with an innovative chemical gas sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) functionalized with octadecylamine ligands. Our GC-MS analyses identified 6 volatile organic compounds that showed statistically significant differences between the cancer patients and the controls group. These compounds were different from those identified in previous studied performed on other populations with high incidence rates of this malady, such as China (representative for Eastern Asia region) and Latvia (representative for Baltic States), attributable to lifestyle, alimentation and genetics differences. A classification model based on principal component analysis of our sensor data responses to the breath samples yielded 97% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Our results suggest a new and non-intrusive methodology for early diagnosis of gastric cancer that may be deployed in regions lacking well-developed health care systems as a prediagnosis test for selecting the patients that should undergo deeper investigations (e.g., endoscopy and biopsy).

Tipos de secuencia y rangos cronológicos de erupción dentaria de caninos permanentes y premolares en pacientes atendidos en las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador / Types of sequence and chronological ranges of dental eruption of permanent canines and premolars in patients treated at the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador

Erupción dentaria es el movimiento del diente desde su alveolo hasta hacer su aparición en la cavidad bucal; toda pieza dentaria tiene su orden de aparición en la cavidad bucal lo cual llamamos secuencia de erupción, también tienen una edad de erupción lo que se conoce como cronología de erupción dentaria. Este estudio fue enfocado principalmente a Caninos permanentes y premolares, y permitió reflejar una tabla de resultados, los cuales determinaron que existe una variación respecto a datos sobre secuencia y rangos cronológicos de erupción realizados por diversos autores en poblaciones diferentes a la nuestra. El presente trabajo de investigación aportó los resultados del estudio de 140 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes que asistieron a las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador en los años 2006-2008, 77 del sexo femenino y 63 del sexo masculino, sobre la secuencia y rangos cronológicos de erupción dentaria en esta población. Los resultados reflejaron que la secuencia de erupción predominante para el arco superior fue la siguiente: Primer premolar, Segundo premolar y Canino permanente con un 85.71%, que coincide con la que determinan los diversos autores. En el arco inferior fue: Primer premolar, Segundo premolar y Canino permanente con un 45%, la cual difiere de la establecida por la mayoría de autores. Concluimos que existen características en cada población que determinan la secuencia y los rangos cronológicos de erupción dentaria, las cuales difieren a la nuestra y se reflejan en este trabajo de investigación

Dental eruption is the movement of the tooth from its socket until it appears in the oral cavity; Every tooth has its order of appearance in the oral cavity, which we call an eruption sequence. They also have an eruption age, which is known as a dental eruption chronology. This study was mainly focused on permanent canines and premolars, and allowed to reflect a table of results, which determined that there is a variation with respect to data on sequence and chronological ranges of eruption carried out by various authors in populations other than ours. The present research work provided the results of the study of 140 panoramic radiographs of patients who attended the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador in the years 2006-2008, 77 of the female gender and 63 of the male gender, on the sequence and chronological ranges of tooth eruption in this population. The results reflected that the predominant eruption sequence for the upper arch was the following: First premolar, Second premolar and Permanent canine with 85.71%, which coincides with that determined by the various authors. In the lower arch it was: First premolar, Second premolar and Permanent canine with 45%, which differs from that established by most authors. We conclude that there are characteristics in each population that determine the sequence and chronological ranges of tooth eruption, which differ from ours and are reflected in this research work.

Infecciones en reemplazos primarios totales de cadera: Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael 1999-2004 / Infections in total hip replacements primary: Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael 1999-2004

En el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael fueron reportadas setenta y ocho artroplastias infectadas, entre los años 1999 y 2004; 27 (34,6%) corresponden a infecciones en reemplazos totales de cadera primarios cumpliendo criterios de inclusión: infección protésica confirmada con cultivo positivo y con un seguimiento mínimo de un año después del tratamiento definitivo de la infección. Para su tratamiento existen seis procedimientos básicos: supresión antibiótica, desbridamiento quirúrgico, artroplastia de resección, artrodesis, reimplante de otra prótesis y amputación; la elección de cualquiera de estas estrategias depende de variables como el tiempo de infección, la condición del paciente, los estudios bacteriológicos, y el estado local de los tejidos blandos y del hueso, variables que están en la clasificación de Coventry, la cual fue utilizada como guía para la elección terapéutica. Once pacientes (37%) necesitaron desbridamiento quirúrgico como único tratamiento para el control de la infección; catorce pacientes necesitaron dos procedimientos: lavado quirúrgico y reimplante de otra prótesis, y a dos pacientes se les practicó artroplastia de resección. Todos los pacientes recibieron terapia antibiótica de acuerdo con la sensibilidad del antibiograma. El germen más frecuente en los cultivos fue el estafilococo aureus en un 48%. La infección fue erradicada en el 70,4% de los casos, y se relacionó con resultados buenos y excelentes, según la escala funcional de Harris.

Eficacia y seguridad de la risperidona en el tratamiento agudo de las conductas disruptivas en pacientes pediátricos epilépticos / Risperidone in the treatment of acute disruptive behavior in pediatrics patients with epilepsy

Introducción. Las conductas disruptivas son frecuentes en más de la mitad de los pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia, impactan sobre su funcionamiento psicosocial global y provocan el rechazo de la sociedad. El presente estudio plantea la posibilidad de coadyuvar en el tratamiento integral de los niños con epilepsia mediante el empleo de risperidona. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron pacientes pediátricos epilépticos (con epilepsia parcial o generalizada) que presentaban conductas disruptivas asociadas, hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y 14 años, captados en la consulta externa de Neurología del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Se realizó un estudio clínico abierto, prospectivo, con seguimiento durante 4 semanas. Se les administró risperidona, cuya eficacia se evaluó mediante las escalas de mejoría clínica global, la de Peers y la de ADHD-RS. Se midieron el número de crisis y los efectos secundarios con la escala de Yale. Resultados. Se estudiaron 23 pacientes, 7 femeninos y 16 masculinos con una relación M:F de 1.5:1 ,todos con diagnóstico de epilepsia (parcial 19 y generalizada 4). La dosis promedio de risperidona fue de 0.75 mg/día, se hizo un seguimiento de 4 semanas, con respuesta favorable al final del mes en 91% de los pacientes. Los efectos indeseables observados fueron: incremento ponderal en 12 niños, además de síntomas extrapiramidales (discinesias de cabeza y cuello), sialorrea, sed y somnolencia. Conclusión. En el manejo agudo de conductas disruptivas en pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia, la risperidona mostró ser efectiva y segura.

Introduction. Disruptive behavior (DB) is frequent in pediatric patients with epilepsy.This conducts impacts on the functioning of the children, and often leads to their social rejection. The objectives of this study were to observe the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of acute disruptive behavior in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Material and methods. A clinical open label, prospective study with a month follow up was carried out. Pediatric patients with epilepsy (partial or generalized) and disruptive behavior, both gender, between 5 and 14 years of age seen in the neurology department, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, were enrolled.The efficacy was evaluated with CGI, Peers scale and ADHD RS. Number of seizures and secondary effects was evaluated with the same methods. Results. A total of 23 patients, 7 females and 16 males enter the study with a relation M:F of 1.5:1. All the patients had epilepsy, either partial or generalized.The average doses of risperidone was 0.75 mg/kg/d, with and efficacy of 91 % at the final of the 4 weeks follow up.The more frequent side effects were increase in weight in 12 patients, extrapiramidal symptoms (head and neck discinesias) sialorrhea, thirst and somnolence. Conclusions. With these results, we support in this clinic open label study, the efficacy and safety of the use of risperidone in the management of acute disruptive behaviors in pediatric patients with epilepsy.