Role of Renal Venous Oxygen Pressure for Renal Function Monitoring After Related Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation: Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of renal function after kidney transplantation (KT) is performed by measuring serum creatinine (SCr), urine volumes (UV), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other methods based on oxygen metabolism, such as the renal venous oxygen pressure (PrvO2), may be useful. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between PrvO2 and SCr, UV, and GFR 5 days after KT (SCr5, UV5, and GFR5, respectively). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in adults scheduled for living donor KT. A venous blood sample was taken from the renal vein after declamping the renal artery, and blood gas determinations were made. Correlation analyses between PrvO2 and SCr5, UV5, and GFR5 were done by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient with generalized linear models (GLM). A Spearman's correlation analysis was performed between the percentage decrease in SCr (%ΔSCr) and PrvO2. A GLM was also performed to determine the association of PrvO2 with slow graft function (SGF). RESULTS: The study included 42 patients, of whom 67% were men. The median age was 31 years (IQR, 27-43.5). PrvO2 was negatively correlated with SCr5 (ρ = -0.53, P = .003), and positively correlated with GFR5 (ρ = 0.49, P = .001) and %ΔSCr (ρ = 0.47, P = .002). A higher PrvO2 was associated with an increase in GFR in univariable (ß = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.56-1.93, P = .001) and multivariable (ß = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.53-1.94, P = .001) analyses. No association was found between PrvO2 and SGF. CONCLUSION: PrvO2 could be used to monitor renal function in the first 5 days after related living-donor KT, given its good correlation with SCr and GFR.

Reliability of point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate fluid tolerance performed by critical care residents.

BACKGROUND: Patients with hypotension usually receive intravenous fluids, but only 50% will respond to fluid administration. We aimed to assess the intra and interobserver agreement to evaluate fluid tolerance through diverse ultrasonographic methods. METHODS: We prospectively included critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. One trained intensivist and two intensive care residents obtained the left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (VTI) variability, inferior vena cava (IVC) distensibility index, internal jugular vein (IJV) distensibility index, and each component of the venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) system. We obtained the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Gwet's first-order agreement coefficient (AC1), as appropriate. RESULTS: We included 32 patients. In-training observers were unable to assess the VTI-variability in two patients. The interobserver agreement was moderate to evaluate the IJV-distensibility index (AC1 0.54, CI 95% 0.29-0.80), fair to evaluate VTI-variability (AC1 0.39, CI 95% 0.12-0.66), and absent to evaluate the IVC-distensibility index (AC1 0.19, CI 95% - 0.07 to 0.44). To classify patients according to their VExUS grade, the intraobserver agreement was good, and the interobserver agreement was moderate (AC1 0.52, CI 95% 0.34-0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Point-of-care ultrasound is frequently used to support decision-making in fluid management. However, we observed that the VTI variability and IVC-distensibility index might require further training of the ultrasound operators to be clinically useful. Our findings suggest that the IJV-distensibility index and the VExUS system have acceptable reproducibility among in-training observers.

Simplified acute physiology score II and Mannheim peritonitis index are associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with abdominal sepsis admitted to ICU.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association and interaction of laboratory parameters, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII), Modified Shock Index (MSI), and Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) with in-hospital mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center case-control study. Adult patients with abdominal sepsis were included from May 2015 to May 2020. Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, SAPSII, MSI, and MPI scores at admission were collected. A principal component (PC) analysis was applied to evaluate variable interactions. In-hospital mortality risk was determined through logistic regression models. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were identified, 60 of which were included for analyses. Non-survivors (48.4%) had a higher frequency of hypertension, lactate and MPI, and lower BE and alactic BE levels. Eight PCs were obtained, PC1 being a linear combination of pH, AG, cAG, alactic BE, bicarbonate, and BE. MPI (OR = 9.87, 95% CI: 3.07-36.61, p = 0.0002), SAPSII (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.01), and PC1 (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.12-4.76, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analysis, while MPI (OR = 10.1, 95% CI: 3.03-40.06, p = 0.0003) and SAPSII (OR = 1.07, CI95%: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.02) remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSION: MPI and SAPSII were associated with mortality, although the interaction of laboratory parameters was not.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación e interacción de los parámetros de laboratorio, SAPSII, MSI y MPI con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Nosotros realizamos un estudio de casos y controles de pacientes adultos con sepsis abdominal desde mayo 2015 a mayo 2020. Recolectamos las características basales, parámetros de laboratorio, SAPSII, MSI y MPI al ingreso. Se aplicó un Análisis de Componentes Principales. El riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria se determinó mediante modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Identificamos 127 pacientes, 60 de los cuales se incluyeron. Los no supervivientes (48,4%) tuvieron mayor frecuencia de HAS, lactato y MPI, y menores niveles de EB y EB aláctico. Se obtuvieron ocho Componentes Principales (PC), siendo PC1 una combinación lineal de pH, AG, cAG, EB aláctico, bicarbonato y EB. MPI (OR = 9.87, IC95%: 3.07-36.61, p = 0.0002), SAPSII (OR = 1.07, IC95%: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.01) y PC1 (OR = 2.13, IC95%: 1.12-4.76, p = 0.04) se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad en el análisis univariado, mientras que MPI (OR = 10.1, IC95%: 3.03-40.06, p = 0.0003) y SAPSII (OR = 1.07, IC 95%: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.02) permanecieron significativos después del ajuste por edad y sexo. CONCLUSIONES: MPI y SAPSII se asociaron con mortalidad, aunque la interacción de los parámetros de laboratorio no lo hizo.

Awake prone positioning and oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19: the APRONOX study.

BACKGROUND: The awake prone positioning strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is a safe, simple and cost-effective technique used to improve hypoxaemia. We aimed to evaluate intubation and mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who underwent awake prone positioning during hospitalisation. METHODS: In this retrospective, multicentre observational study conducted between 1 May 2020 and 12 June 2020 in 27 hospitals in Mexico and Ecuador, nonintubated patients with COVID-19 managed with awake prone or awake supine positioning were included to evaluate intubation and mortality risk through logistic regression models; multivariable and centre adjustment, propensity score analyses, and E-values were calculated to limit confounding. RESULTS: 827 nonintubated patients with COVID-19 in the awake prone (n=505) and awake supine (n=322) groups were included for analysis. Fewer patients in the awake prone group required endotracheal intubation (23.6% versus 40.4%) or died (19.8% versus 37.3%). Awake prone positioning was a protective factor for intubation even after multivariable adjustment (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.52; p<0.0001, E=2.12), which prevailed after propensity score analysis (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62; p<0.0001, E=1.86) and mortality (adjusted OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.55; p<0.0001, E=2.03). The main variables associated with intubation among awake prone patients were increasing age, lower baseline peripheral arterial oxygen saturation/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio (P aO2 /F IO2 ) and management with a nonrebreather mask. CONCLUSIONS: Awake prone positioning in hospitalised nonintubated patients with COVID-19 is associated with a lower risk of intubation and mortality.

Ultrasonido Point-Of-Care (POCUS) durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar para el diagnóstico de causas reversibles de arresto cardiaco / Point-Of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the diagnosis of reversible causes of cardiac arrest / Ultrassonografia Point-of-Care (POCUS) durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar para o diagnóstico de causas reversíveis de parada cardíaca

Resumen: La ultrasonografía enfocada al paciente crítico o «ultrasonido Point-Of-Care¼ (POCUS) es una herramienta utilizada en la cabecera del paciente en distintas áreas de la medicina crítica y servicios de emergencias debido a su practicidad y a que provee gran información de forma rápida y no invasiva para realizar diagnósticos y abordajes terapéuticos. El arresto cardiaco (AC) es una situación crítica que requiere una adecuada reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y en la que es crucial la identificación de la etiología para realizar una intervención rápida y lograr la resolución de la misma, particularmente en el escenario de una actividad eléctrica sin pulso (AESP) en la que la ecografía cobra vital importancia. La implementación de protocolos de reanimación cardiopulmonar apoyados de un abordaje ultrasonográfico es factible y de gran utilidad para la identificación etiológica del AC y la resolución de causas específicas.

Abstract: Ultrasound focused on the critical patient or «Point-Of-Care ultrasound¼ (POCUS) is a tool used at the patient's bedside in different areas of critical medicine and emergency services due to its practicality as it provides great information quickly and non-invasive for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical situation that requires adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and in which the identification of the etiology is crucial to carry out a rapid intervention and achieve its resolution, particularly in the setting of a pulseless electrical activity (AESP) in which ultrasound is of vital importance. The implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocols supported by an ultrasound approach is feasible and of great utility for the etiological identification of CA and the resolution of specific causes.

Resumo: A ultrassonografia focada em pacientes críticos ou «Point-Of-Care ultra-som¼ (POCUS) é uma ferramenta utilizada à beira do leito do paciente em diferentes áreas da medicina crítica e serviços de emergência devido à sua praticidade e ao fato de fornecer uma grande quantidade de informações rapidamente e não invasivo para abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas. A parada cardíaca (PC) é uma situação crítica que requer uma adequada ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) e na qual a identificação da etiologia é crucial para a rápida intervenção e resolução, particularmente no cenário de uma atividade elétrica sem pulso (AESP) em qual o ultra-som é de vital importância. A implementação de protocolos de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar apoiados por uma abordagem ultrassonográfica é viável e muito útil para a identificação etiológica do RAC e resolução de causas específicas.

Aplicaciones e implicaciones de la pausa al final de la inspiración en ventilación mecánica / Applications and implications of end-inspiratory pause in mechanical ventilation / Aplicações e implicações da pausa ao final da inspiração na ventilação mecânica

Resumen: El uso de la pausa al final de la inspiración (PFI) en ventilación mecánica data de hace más de 50 años y con mayor impulso en la década de los 70, se le atribuye una mejoría en la presión parcial de oxígeno arterial (PaO2) al incrementar la presión media de la vía aérea (Pma), mayor aclaramiento de la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono arterial (PaCO2) y permite la monitorización de la presión meseta (Pmeseta) en la mecánica ventilatoria; sin embargo, los estudios clínicos sobre su uso son escasos y controversiales. En este artículo se abordan los mecanismos fisiológicos, fisiopatológicos y la evidencia sobre el uso de la PFI en ventilación mecánica (VM).

Abstract: The use of the end inspiratory pause (EIP) in mechanical ventilation has been going on for more than 50 years and with greater momentum in the 1970s, an improvement in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is attributed to the increase mean airway pressure, greater clearance of partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and allows monitoring of plateau pressure in ventilatory mechanics; However, the Clinical studies on its use are few and controversial. This article addresses the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and the evidence on the use of EIP in mechanical ventilation.

Resumo: A utilização da pausa ao final da inspiração (PFI) na ventilação mecânica remonta a mais de 50 anos e com maior impulso na década de 70, atribui-se uma melhora na pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial (PaO2) pelo aumento da pressão média das vias aéreas (Pma), uma maior depuração da pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono arterial (PaCO2) e permite a monitorização da pressão de platô (Pplateau) na mecânica ventilatória, porém estudos Os dados clínicos sobre seu uso são escassos e controversos. Este artigo aborda os mecanismos fisiológicos e fisiopatológicos e as evidências sobre o uso do PFI na ventilação mecânica (VM).

Glycosylated hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality in severe pneumonia by COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Determine whether the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measured on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) are associated with mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with invasive mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: Cohort study, retrospective, observational. A single center. PLACE: ICU of a second-level care hospital. PATIENTS: Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia confirmed with IMV since admission to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS: none. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients with severe pneumonia, confirmed with SARS-CoV-2, all with IMV. The group with HbA1c <6.5% included 32 (57.14%) patients and the group with HbA1c ≥6.5% included 24 (42.86%) patients and the mortality rate in ICU was 43.8% and 70.8%, respectively, with p = 0.04. Predictors of mortality at 28 days in ICU were DHL >500 U/L, OR 3.65 (95% CI 1.18-11.29), HbA1c ≥6.5%, OR 3.12 (95% CI 1.01-9.6), SAH, OR 3.12 (95% CI 1.01-9.5), use of vasopressor, OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.05-0.73), diabetes was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The 28-day probability of survival in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with IMV in the ICU is lower when the HbA1c level is ≥6.5% on admission.

Aiming for zero fluid accumulation: First, do no harm.

Critically ill patients are often presumed to be in a state of "constant dehydration" or in need of fluid, thereby justifying a continuous infusion with some form of intravenous (IV) fluid, despite their clinical data suggesting otherwise. Overzealous fluid administration and subsequent fluid accumulation and overload are associated with poorer outcomes. Fluids are drugs, and their use should be tailored to meet the patient's individualized needs; fluids should never be given as routine maintenance unless indicated. Before prescribing any fluids, the physician should consider the patient's characteristics and the nature of the illness, and assess the risks and benefits of fluid therapy. Decisions regarding fluid therapy present a daily challenge in many hospital departments: emergency rooms, regular wards, operating rooms, and intensive care units. Traditional fluid prescription is full of paradigms and unnecessary routines as well as malpractice in the form of choosing the wrong solutions for maintenance or not meeting daily requirements. Prescribing maintenance fluids for patients on oral intake will lead to fluid creep and fluid overload. Fluid overload, defined as a 10% increase in cumulative fluid balance from baseline weight, is an independent predictor for morbidity and mortality, and thus hospital cost. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged supporting a restrictive fluid approach. In this manuscript, we aim to provide a pragmatic description of novel concepts related to the use of IV fluids in critically ill patients, with emphasis on the different indications and common clinical scenarios. We also discuss active deresuscitation, or the timely cessation of fluid administration, with the intention of achieving a zero cumulative fluid balance.

Movilización temprana en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Early mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit / Mobilização precoce na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Resumen: La movilización temprana (MT) es la implementación de ejercicio físico en los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) observándose beneficios importantes como reducción de neumonías asociadas con ventilación mecánica (NAVM), trombosis venosa profunda, úlceras por presión, debilidad adquirida en la UCI (DAUCI). Además, tiene un impacto financiero al reducir los días de estancia hospitalaria y en la UCI. Cabe mencionar que la MT impacta en el desenlace posterior al alta hospitalaria reduciendo la aparición de síndrome postcuidados intensivos (PICS).

Abstract: Early mobilization (EM) is the implementation of physical exercise in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with important benefits being observed such as reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, pressure ulcers and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). It also has a financial impact by reducing hospital length of stay and in the ICU. Also, EM has an important role in the outcome once the patient leaves the hospital reducing the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS).

Resumo: A mobilização precoce (MP) é a implementação de exercícios físicos em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), observando benefícios importantes como redução da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV), trombose venosa profunda, úlceras por pressão, fraqueza adquirida no UTI (DAUCI). Além disso, tem impacto financeiro ao reduzir os dias de internação e internação na UTI. Vale ressaltar que a MT tem impacto no desfecho após a alta hospitalar por reduzir o aparecimento da Síndrome de Terapia Pós-Intensiva (PICS).

Intubación de pacientes con SARS-CoV-2: una guía «primera línea¼ para minimizar la generación de aerosoles durante el procedimiento / Intubation of patients with SARS-CoV-2: a «front line¼ guide to minimize generation of aerosols during the procedure / Intubação de pacientes com SARS-CoV-2: um guia de «primeira linha¼ para minimizar a geração de aerossol durante o procedimento

Resumen: La enfermad por el virus de SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19 tiene un alto índice de contagio y transmisibilidad que sobrepasa los sistemas de salud en el mundo. En México se cuentan 1,771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 defunciones y 204,070 contagios, de esas defunciones 2,687 corresponden al personal de salud. La intubación orotraqueal representa uno de los eventos con mayor riesgo de contagio, es por ello que es imperativo el uso de equipo de protección personal así como de distintas acciones a tomar durante la intubación orotraqueal por parte del equipo.

Abstract: The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 virus has a high rate of contagion and transmissibility, surpassing the health systems in the world. In Mexico there are 1'771,740 positive cases, 150,273 deaths, 204,070 infections, and 2,687 of these deaths represent health personnel. Orotracheal intubation represents one of the events with the highest risk of contagion, which is why the use of personal protective equipment is imperative, as well as different attitudes to be taken during orotracheal intubation by the team.

Resumo: A doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 ou COVID-19 apresenta alto índice de contágio e transmissibilidade, superando os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. No México, há 1.771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 mortes, 204,070 infecções e 2,687 dessas mortes representam pessoal de saúde. A intubação orotraqueal representa um dos eventos de maior risco de contágio, por isso o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual é imprescindível, assim como as diferentes atitudes a serem tomadas durante a intubação orotraqueal pela equipe.

Hemodynamic monitoring with two blood gases: "a tool that does not go out of style" / Monitoreo hemodinámico con dos gasometrías: "Una herramienta que no pasa de moda"

Abstract Hemodynamic monitoring of a critically ill patient is an indispensable tool both inside and outside intensive care; we currently have invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive devices; however, no device has been shown to have a positive impact on the patient's evolution; arterial and venous blood gases provide information on the patient's actual microcirculatory and metabolic status and may be a hemodynamic monitoring tool. We aimed to carry out a non-systematic review of the literature of hemodynamic monitoring carried out through the variables obtained in arterial and venous blood gases. A non-systematic review of the literature was performed in the PubMed, OvidSP and ScienceDirect databases with selection of articles from 2000 to 2019. It was found that there are variables obtained in arterial and venous blood gases such as central venous oxygen saturation (SvcO2), venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Δpv-aCO2), venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide pressure/arteriovenous oxygen content difference (Δpv-aCO2/ΔCavO2) that are related to cellular oxygenation, cardiac output (CO), microcirculatory veno-arterial flow and anaerobic metabolism and allow to assess tissue perfusion status. In conclusion, the variables obtained by arterial and venous blood gases allow for non-invasive, accessible and affordable hemodynamic monitoring that can guide medical decision-making in critically ill patients.

Resumen El monitoreo hemodinámico de un paciente en estado crítico es una herramienta indispensable tanto dentro como fuera de la terapia intensiva; actualmente se cuenta con dispositivos invasivos, mínimamente invasivos y no invasivos; sin embargo, ningún dispositivo ha demostrado tener impacto positivo en la evolución del paciente; la gasometría arterial y venosa proporcionan información del estado microcirculatorio y metabólico real del paciente pudiendo ser una herramienta de monitoreo hemodinámico. El objetivo de esta revisión fue realizar una revisión no sistemática de la literatura del monitoreo hemodinámico realizado mediante las variables obtenidas en la gasometría arterial y venosa. Se estudiaron las bases de datos de PubMed, OvidSP y ScienceDirect con selección de artículos del 2000 al 2019. Se encontró que hay variables obtenidas en la gasometría arterial y venosa como la saturación venosa central de oxígeno (SvcO2), la diferencia de presión venoarterial de dióxido de carbono (Δpv-aCO2), la diferencia de presión venoarterial de dióxido de carbono/diferencia del contenido arteriovenoso de oxígeno (Δpv-aCO2/ΔCa-vO2) que están relacionadas con la oxigenación celular, con el gasto cardiaco (GC), con el flujo venoarterial microcirculatorio y con el metabolismo anaerobio que permiten realizar una valoración del estado de perfusión tisular. En conclusión, las variables obtenidas por gasometría arterial y venosa permiten realizar un monitoreo hemodinámico no invasivo, accesible y asequible que pueden guiar la toma de decisiones médicas en el paciente en estado crítico.

Outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit in Mexico: A multicenter observational study.

BACKGROUND: As of June 15, 2020, a cumulative total of 7,823,289 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported across 216 countries and territories worldwide. However, there is little information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America. The present study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Mexico. METHODS: This was a multicenter observational study that included 164 critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to 10 ICUs in Mexico, from April 1 to April 30, 2020. Demographic data, comorbid conditions, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The date of final follow-up was June 4, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients with severe COVID-19 were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 57.3 years (SD 13.7), 114 (69.5%) were men, and 6.0% were healthcare workers. Comorbid conditions were common in patients with critical COVID-19: 38.4% of patients had hypertension and 32.3% had diabetes. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors were older and more likely to have diabetes, hypertension or other conditions. Patients presented to the hospital a median of 7 days (IQR 4.5-9) after symptom onset. The most common presenting symptoms were shortness of breath, fever, dry cough, and myalgias. One hundred percent of patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median time of 11 days (IQR 6-14). A total of 139 of 164 patients (89.4%) received vasopressors, and 24 patients (14.6%) received renal replacement therapy during hospitalization. Eighty-five (51.8%) patients died at or before 30 days, with a median survival of 25 days. Age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; p<0.001) and C-reactive protein levels upon ICU admission (1.008; 95% CI, 1.003-1.012; p<0.001) were associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. ICU length of stay was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality risk (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.94; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This observational study of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU in Mexico demonstrated that age and C-reactive protein level upon ICU admission were associated with in-hospital mortality, and the overall hospital mortality rate was high. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04336345.

Impacto de la presión de distensión alveolar en los pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA): revisión narrativa / Impact of alveolar distention pressure on days under mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (SDRA) / Impacto da pressão da distensão alveolar em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA): revisão narrativa

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) se caracteriza por una heterogeneidad del daño en el parénquima pulmonar; la asociación entre el volumen tidal (Vt) y la distensibilidad pulmonar estática (Cst) puede ser evaluada mediante la presión de distensión (PD). Se desconoce hasta el día de hoy si el control de la PD impacta en otros objetivos, tales como la disminución de los días bajo ventilación mecánica. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos médicos científicos en Pubmed, EMBASE y Medigraphic con las siguientes palabras clave: «driving pressure¼ y «acute respiratory distress syndrome¼ para relacionar la PD y los días libres de ventilación mecánica en los principales estudios sobre SDRA; se analizaron las variables respiratorias reportadas por estas publicaciones y se tomaron estudios de revisión, revisiones sistematizadas y metaanálisis, lo cual fue evaluado por seis de los autores principales. Resultados: Se encontró en la revisión sistematizada la siguiente relación: los pacientes ventilados con SDRA y PD < 15 cmH2O se asociaban con menos días de ventilación mecánica con un valor de p = 0.03; los pacientes ventilados con SDRA y PD < 15 cmH2O, al comparar la mortalidad a 90 días, la disminuían, tomando un valor de p ≤ 0.0001; los pacientes sin SDRA y PD < 15 cm cmH2O, comparando la mortalidad a 28 días con una p = 0.005, las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias, la PD < 15 cmH2O y los valores de PD mayores a 15 cmH2O se asociaron con barotrauma, infecciones pulmonares postoperatorias, con una p ≤ 0.0001; en supervivencia y mortalidad a los 90 días, se correlacionó con una razón de momios (RM) de 0.60 a favor de PD < 15 cmH2O, y en mortalidad a 28 días con una RM de 0.29 a favor de la PD menor, al valor de corte. Conclusión: La PD se asocia con mortalidad de manera directamente proporcional y los valores más bajos de PD se asocian con menos días de ventilación mecánica.

Abstract: Introduction: ARDS is characterized by a heterogeneity of damage in the lung parenchyma and the association between tidal volume (Vt) and static lung compliance (Cst) can be evaluated by DP. Most studies on DP and ARDS focus on mortality, showing a lower percentage of survival while the level of DP is higher, however, it is unknown until today whether the control of DP impacts on other objectives such as decrease of days under mechanical ventilation. Material and methods: A systematic review of medical articles in Pubmed, EMBASE and Medigraphic was carried out with key words: driving pressure and acute respiratory distress syndrome to relate DP and days free of mechanical ventilation in the main studies on ARDS, analyzing the respiratory variables reported by these publications. Results: The relationship was found in the systematized review; that patients ventilated with ARDS and DP < 15 cmH2O was associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation with a p = 0.03, patients with ARDS and DP < 15 cmH2O comparing mortality at 90 days, decreased their mortality with p ≤ 0.0001, patients without ARDS and PD < 15 cm cmH2O comparing mortality at 28 days with p = 0.005, patients with ARDS and DP association of postoperative pulmonary complications and DP < 15 cmH2O, DP values greater than 15 cmH2O was associated with barotrauma, postoperative pulmonary infections, with a p ≤ 0.0001 of, in survival and mortality at 90 days, correlated with a odds ratio (OR) of 0.60 in favor of DP less than 15 cmH2O and in mortality at 28 days with an OR of 0.29, in favor of DP below 15 cmH2O. Discussion: DP is associated with mortality in a directly proportional way. Conclusion: Lower values of DP are associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation.

Resumo: Introdução: A SDRA é caracterizada pela heterogeneidade do dano do parênquima pulmonar e a associação entre volume corrente (Vt) e complacência pulmonar estática (Cst) pode ser avaliada por pressão de distensão alveolar (PD). Não se sabe até hoje se o controle da PD afeta outros objetivos, como redução de dias sob ventilação mecânica. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de artigos médicos científicos no Pubmed, EMBASE e Medigraphic com palavras-chave: pressão de distensão e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo para relacionar PD e dias sem ventilação mecânica nos principais estudos de SDRA, analisando as variáveis relatados por essas publicações, realizando estudos de revisão, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, sendo avaliados por 6 dos principais autores. Resultados: A relação foi encontrada na revisão sistemática; que ventilaram pacientes com SDRA e PD < 15 cmH2O estiveram associados a menos dias de ventilação mecânica com p = 0.03, pacientes ventilados com SDRA e PD < 15 cmH2O comparando a mortalidade em 90 dias, sua mortalidade diminuiu com p ≤ 0.0001, pacientes sem SDRA e PD < 15 cm cmH2O comparando mortalidade em 28 dias com p = 0.005, associação de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias e PD < 15 cmH2O, valores de PD maiores que 15 cmH2O foram associados a traumatismo barro, infecções pulmonares pós-operatórias , com p ≤ 0.0001 de, na sobrevida e mortalidade aos 90 dias, foi correlacionada com uma Odds Ratio (RM) de 0.60 a favor da PD menor que 15 cmH2O e na mortalidade aos 28 dias com uma RM de 0.29, a favor do PD menor que o valor de corte. Conclusão: a PD está associada à mortalidade de maneira diretamente proporcional. e valores mais baixos de PD estão associados a menos dias de ventilação mecânica.