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1.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 19(3): 261-269, sep.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-669351

ABSTRACT

Background: Pharmacotherapy follow-up is a practice in which the pharmacist assumes responsibilityfor the patient’s drug-related Problems. Its goal is to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Methods toperform pharmacotherapy follow-up have centered principally on ambulatory patients. Objective: Thepurpose of this study is to propose and validate a methodology for inpatient pharmacotherapy follow-up.Methods: A systematic review was performed. This consisted in a comprehensive search of databasescontaining studies published in English or Spanish during 1998 - 2008, and that sought to improve thetransfer of accurate information about Pharmacotherapy follow-up in inpatients. The key terms used toconduct the search were identified in consultation with clinical experts and included: Pharmacotherapyfollow-up methods, pharmacotherapy follow-up, drug therapy problems, and validation. A comparativetable was elaborated to differentiate and evaluate the advantages of each of the proposed methodologies.The information gathered allowed to propose a sequence of general steps for inpatient Pharmacotherapyfollow-up. To validate the methodology, a descriptive study was carried out with 32 randomly selectedpatients and was independently followed up by two pharmacists to assess the reproducibility of the process.Results: Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinician’s Guide, proposed by Cipolle & Strand. AppliedTherapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs, the DÁDER method, and the IASER program, were selected.79 drug therapy problems (DTPs) were identified and resolved, where errors in necessity of medicationhad the highest incidence (46.6%), followed by effectiveness (24.5%) and safety (28.9%). The degree ofagreement among researchers in the identification and resolution of DTPs was quantified using the kappacoefficient, showing a high concordance (90% CI)...


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmacy
2.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 14(3): 194-203, abr. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055695

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Evaluar el grado de mejoría en el estado funcional e intensidad del dolor, en una muestra preliminar de pacientes con radiculopatía compresiva lumbar por hernia de disco a quienes se les realizó una inyección de esteroides por vía transforaminal (ITE) bajo guía fluoroscópica. Material y método Se seleccionaron prospectivamente en el periodo de Octubre a Diciembre del 2006, pacientes con dolor de espalda baja por radiculopatía secundaria a hernia de disco lumbar corroborado por clínica e imagen de resonancia magnética y que presentaran mala respuesta al manejo conservador. Se evaluó la intensidad de dolor por medio de la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) y el índice de funcionalidad mediante el Cuestionario de Oswestry previo al ITE y posterior al mismo a los 7, 14 y 30 días en todos los pacientes incluidos. Resultados Se incluyeron a 14 pacientes; de ellos doce fueron mujeres (87.5%) y dos varones (14.3%); con una edad promedio de 62 ± 12.8 (40-84). La intensidad de dolor antes del procedimiento, según la EVA fue de 74.0 ± 17.0. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la intensidad del dolor a los 7 (EVA 46.4 ± 22.4), 14 (EVA 45.0 ± 17.0) y 30 (EVA 46.4 ± 25.9) días después del ITE (p < 0.05), pero no así para el índice de discapacidad, en el que no hubo ninguna diferencia significativa para todas las comparaciones antes-después en los intervalos referidos. Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio preliminar sugieren que el ITE, podría ser efectivo para la disminución del dolor a los 7, 14 y 30 días, pero no así para el índice de funcionalidad en los mismos intervalos de tiempo evaluados


Objective To evaluate the level of improvement in the functionality and pain intensity in a preliminary sample of patients with compressive lumbar radiculopathology due to disk hernia who received a transforaminal steroid injection (TSI) under fluoroscopic guidance. Material and Method From October to December 2006, patients experiencing back pain due to radiculopathy secondary to a lumbar disk hernia were selected. These diagnoses had to have been corroborated clinically and by a magnetic resonance image. Furthermore, these were patients that responded poorly to conservative management. Pain intensity was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale Analogy (VAS) and the functionality by the Oswestry Questionnaire before the TSI and 7, 14 and 30 days thereafter in all of the patients included. Results Fourteen (14) patients were included; whereby twelve were women (87.5%) and two were men (14.3%). The average age was 62 ± 12.8. The VAS score prior to the procedure averaged 74.0 ± 17.0. Significant differences were observed 7 days (VAS 4.64 ± DE 22.4); after 14 days (VAS 45.0 ± 17.0); and after 30 days (VAS 46.4 ± 25.9) after TSI with a p< 0.05. This was not the case for functionality in which there were no significant differences in Oswestry Questionnaire for all of the patient’s before-after comparisons of the aforementioned intervals. Conclusions The results obtained in this preliminary study suggested that ITE may effectively affect pain reduction at 7, 14 and 30 days; but, not so for the functionality index during the same intervals of the evaluated time


Subject(s)
Humans , Steroids/administration & dosage , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/drug therapy , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Recovery of Function , Steroids/pharmacokinetics , Prospective Studies
3.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 13(7): 454-461, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63983

ABSTRACT

El reconocimiento de la acción antinociceptiva de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) ha motivado su combinación con dosis moderadas de opiáceos con objeto de obtener una mayor analgesia, mientras que se reduce la necesidad de emplear dosis altas de esteroides. Un grupo de 142 pacientes adultos, que habían desarrollaron radiculopatía y lumbalgia después de la primera discectomia, en los que se demostró radiologicamente fibrosis y cicatriz periradicular, en el sitio de operación, se dividieron en dos subgrupos al azar. El grupo A (69 pacientes), fue tratado con inyecciones peridurales de 80 mg de metilprednisolona (MTP) en 3ml de bupivacaína 0.25% (BPV) después de obtener medidas controles de dolor, actividad física y la ingestión de medicamentos usando el Esquema del Progreso del Dolor, obteniendo un promedio control antes de iniciar el tratamiento. El grupo B (73 pacientes) fue tratado con inyecciones paravertebrales en los niveles L4-L5 y L5-S1, de 5 mg de metamizol (DPN), y 12.5 mg de propoxifeno (PPX) agregados a 10 mg de MTP y 1 ml de BPV 0.5%, bilateralmente en cuatro sesiones. Las mismas evaluaciones se llevaron a cabo cada 3 semanas después de cada tratamiento. Todos los pacientes mejoraron clínicamente, sin observarse diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos; Cuando se compararon los valores totales de mejoría clínica, se observaron los niveles controles significativos (p> 0.05) solo cuando se compararon con las mediciones de mejoría clínica, tomadas antes de iniciar el tratamiento en ambos grupos. Se presentaron efectos secundarios como incremento de peso, equimosis, edema fascies lunar y eritema facial en los pacientes del grupo A. La punción dural incidental (3) y cefalea por punción dural (2) se encontraron solo en el grupo A. Un paciente requirió ser tratado con un parche hematico epidural. Ocurrió parestesia en 1 paciente de cada grupo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de mejoria entre grupos de pacientes con radiculopatia post-laminectomia lumbar, al ser tratados con MTP y BPV peridural y un grupo semejante que recibio la mitad de la dosis de MTP, mas BPV, DPN y PPX, en los espacios paravertebral L4-L5 y L5-S1. Los efectos secundarios y la morbilidad predominaron en el grupo tratado con inyecciones peridurales. Inyectando fuera del canal vertebral dosis reducidas de un opiáceo y de un antiinflamatorio, permitió usar solo la mitad de la dosis total de MTP. Ya que se obtiene una mejoría semejante, al evitar los efectos indeseables de los esteroides, así como las posibles complicaciones típicas de inyecciones epidurales, hacen de esta modalidad terapéutica una alternativa definitiva (AU)


As the clinical applications of the central antinociceptive action of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents have been recognized, their combination with mild doses of opiods has been explored in order to be able to reduce or eliminate the repetitious usage of steroids. A group of 152 adult patients with recurrent radiculopathy after the first laminectomy, at either L4-L5 or L5-S1 levels, in whom periradicular fibrosis and scarring had been shown at MRI exam, was separated at random into two subgroups. Subgroup A included 69 patients that were treated with four epidural injections of 80mg of methylprednisolone (MTP) in 3ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (BPV). Changes in pain level, physical activity and the type of medications used were followed using the Pain Progress Score that evaluates five parameters graded from 0 to 2, before initiating treatment and again before each of the three subsequent injections, given at three week intervals. Subgroup B included 73 patients treated by paravertebral injections of 40mg of MTP, 50mg of dipyrone (DPN), 12.5mg of propoxyphene (PPX) and 1ml of 0.5% BPV at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 spaces, bilateral. All patients improved clinically without observing statistically significant differences between the two groups; however, there was a significant difference (p< 0.05) when the post-treatment scores were compared to the control values, at every evaluation. There was however an important variant, as the patients in group A had more side effects (increased weight, edema, echymosis and moon fascies) and developed complications derived from the epidural injections (3 incidental dural punctures, two postdural puncture headaches, one of which required an epidural blood patch, as treatment). Similar clinical improvement was seen from either of the two treatment modalities studied; however, since most of the side effects and the morbidity typically observed after a series of epidural injections of steroids can be obviated by administering a reduced dose of steroids, an antiinflamatory agent and a low dose opiate in the paravertebral spaces adjacent to the previously operated level, this therapeutic alternative is recommended (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Steroids/pharmacology , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Steroids/administration & dosage , Drug Tolerance
4.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 7(6): 370-374, ago. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4664

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar la posible neurotoxicidad de la indometacina por vía intratecal.Material y métodos: Un estudio prospectivo, doble ciego se llevó a cabo en 10 ratas adultas empleando una preparación diseñada a infundir continuamente 20 µg . m l- 1 de indometacina a través de un catéter en el espacio subaracnoideo usando una microbomba implantada, por 11 días. Otro grupo de 10 ratas recibió infusiones similares de solución salina al 0,9 por ciento, por el mismo periodo.Resultados: Todos los animales sobrevivieron el periodo de observación sin alteraciones neurológicas ni de comportamiento.A la autopsia, estudios macroscópicos y microscópicos no demostraron lesiones neurotóxicas definitivas. Dos ratas en cada grupo tuvieron en la médula espinal signos de inflamación crónica inespecífica. En un espécimen del grupo que recibió indometacina, se notó leve congestión vascular en la pia; estos hallazgos se adjudican a la presencia del catéter, que actuaría como cuerpo extraño.Conclusiones: Varios estudios realizados en preparaciones de la médula espinal han demostrado una función antálgica de un número de los AINEs a nivel del sistema de receptores NMDA y de prostaglandinas medulares. Los estudios aquí reportados demostraron la ausencia de neurotoxicidad específica producida por la infusión intratecal continua de indometacina durante once días (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Indomethacin/toxicity , Spinal Cord , Indomethacin/administration & dosage , Injections, Spinal/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Double-Blind Method , Subarachnoid Space , Catheters, Indwelling , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Prostaglandins/pharmacology
5.
Arch Anat Cytol Pathol ; 42(1): 5-9, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8074547

ABSTRACT

Nine cases of ceroid granulomas of the gallbladder were found in 125 surgically excised gallbladders during a one year review (7.35%), corresponding to an estimated incidence of 2.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per annum. Seven patients were under 50 year of age. Four patients presented symptoms and signs of chronic cholecystitis. However, in five cases, a mass in the right hypochondrium was palpated, mimicking a carcinoma of the gallbladder. The lesion was characterized by intramural or mucosal yellow-brown nodules composed of ceroid-laden histiocytes. The presence of intramural destructive necrosis in one case suggests that ceroid granulomas of the gallbladder have the potential of developing fistulae or perforations. Rupture of the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses and mucosal ulceration with intramural liberation of bile were implicated in the pathogenesis. The characteristic microscopic appearance, as well as the ceroid nature of the granules revealed by histochemical and ultrastructural studies, support the view that ceroid granulomas of the gallbladder should be recognized as a distinct histo-pathological entity. It is important to recognize this lesion as it can be mistaken for carcinoma and may be responsible for serious complications, such as fistulae or perforation.


Subject(s)
Cholecystitis/complications , Gallbladder Diseases/pathology , Granuloma/pathology , Adult , Cholecystitis/surgery , Chronic Disease , Female , Gallbladder Diseases/complications , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Granuloma/complications , Granuloma/surgery , Humans , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged
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