Platelet RNA enables accurate detection of ovarian cancer: an intercontinental, biomarker identification study

Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.

Prevalence and Influencing Factors on Fatigue of First-line Nurses Combating with COVID-19 in China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

Nurses' work-related fatigue has been recognized as a threat to nurse health and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of fatigue among first-line nurses combating with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and to analyze its influencing factors on fatigue. A multi-center, descriptive, cross-sectional design with a convenience sample was used. The statistical population consisted of the first-line nurses in 7 tertiary general hospitals from March 3, 2020 to March 10, 2020 in Wuhan of China. A total of 2667 samples from 2768 contacted participants completed the investgation, with a response rate of 96.35%. Social-demographic questionnaire, work-related questionnaire, Fatigue Scale-14, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to conduct online survey. The descriptive statistic of nurses' social-demographic characteristics was conducted, and the related variables of work, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and fatigue were analyzed by t-tests, nonparametric test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The significant factors which resulted in nurses' fatigue were further analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The median score for the first-line nurses' fatigue in Wuhan was 4 (2, 8). The median score of physical and mental fatigue of them was 3 (1, 6) and 1 (0, 3) respectively. According to the scoring criteria, 35.06% nurses (n=935) of all participants were in the fatigue status, their median score of fatigue was 10 (8, 11), and the median score of physical and mental fatigue of them was 7 (5, 8) and 3 (2, 4) respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the participants in the risk groups of anxiety, depression and perceived stress had higher scores on physical and mental fatigue and the statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the variables and nurses' fatigue, the frequency of exercise and nurses' fatigue had a statistically significant negative correlation, and average daily working hours had a significantly positive correlation with nurses' fatigue, and the frequency of weekly night shift had a low positive correlation with nurses' fatigue (P<0.01). There was a moderate level of fatigue among the first-line nurses fighting against COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China. Government and health authorities need to formulate and take effective intervention strategies according to the relevant risk factors, and undertake preventive measures aimed at reducing health hazards due to increased work-related fatigue among first-line nurses, and to enhance their health status and provide a safe occupational environment worldwide. Promoting both medical and nursing safety while combating with the pandemic currently is warranted.

Observation Effect of Erbao Granule on Children with Diarrhea Due to Spleen Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Erbao grains on levels of immunoglobulin, T cells, secretory immunoglobulin A from feces, and intestinal microecology index of children with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency. Method:One hundred and eighty patients with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were randomly divided into control group (90 cases) and observation group (90 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got Montmorillonite powder. In addition to the therapy in control group, patients in observation were additionally given Erbao grains. And the course of treatment was 10 days. Before and after treatment, levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, ratio CD4+and CD8+, secretory immunoglobulin A from feces (SIgA), activity of salivary amylase and urine D-xylose were detected, the main symptoms and signs were scored, and the safety was discussed. Result:After treatment, the clinical total effective rate in observation group was 95.56%, which was higher than 80%in control group (χ2=10.149, PPP+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, activity of salivary amylase and urine D-xylose were higher than those in control group (PPConclusion:In addition to the therapy of Montmorillonite powder, Erbao grains can relieve the symptoms of children with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, improve the efficacy, and ameliorate immunity of children.

Expression and clinical significance of Semaphorin4D in non-small cell lung cancer and its impact on malignant behaviors of A549 lung cancer cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to explore Semaphrin4D (Sema4D) expression and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to define the roles and mechanisms of Sema4D in regulating the malignant behaviors of A549 cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Firstly, immunohistochemistry revealed that Sema4D was more frequently expressed in NSCLC than in lung benign lesion (P<0.05) and its overexprssion was associated with low differentiation (P<0.05), poor pTNM staging (P<0.05) and occurrence of lymph node (LN) metastasis (P<0.05). Endogenous Sema4D expression was suppressed by Sema4D siRNA in A549 cells overexpressing Sema4D. Protein levels of Sema4D, total Akt and p-Akt were examined by Western blotting. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were measured by MTT assay and Transwell assay respectively. Results showed that Sema4D siRNA significantly suppressed phosphorylation of AKT in A549 cells, but it did not alter total AKT expression. In addition, efficient down-regulation of SemaD significantly inhibit cell proliferation (P<0.05), migration (P<0.05) and invasion (P<0.05) in A549 cells. These findings suggest that Sema4D might serve as a reliable tool for early prediction of NSCLC poor prognosis. Sema4D could play an important role in promoting tumor proliferation, migration and metastasis in the NSCLC, by influencing the Akt protein phosphorylation. Inhibition of Sema4D may be a useful approach for the treatment of NSCLC.

Expression and clinical significance of Semaphorin4D in non-small cell lung cancer and its impact on malignant behaviors of A549 lung cancer cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to explore Semaphrin4D (Sema4D) expression and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to define the roles and mechanisms of Sema4D in regulating the malignant behaviors of A549 cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Firstly, immunohistochemistry revealed that Sema4D was more frequently expressed in NSCLC than in lung benign lesion (P<0.05) and its overexpression was associated with low differentiation (P<0.05), poor pTNM staging (P<0.05) and occurrence of lymph node (LN) metastasis (P<0.05). Endogenous Sema4D expression was suppressed by Sema4D siRNA in A549 cells overexpressing Sema4D. Protein levels of Sema4D, total Akt and p-Akt were examined by Western blotting. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were measured by MTT assay and Transwell assay respectively. Results showed that Sema4D siRNA significantly suppressed phosphorylation of AKT in A549 cells, but it did not alter total AKT expression. In addition, efficient down-regulation of SemaD significantly inhibit cell proliferation (P<0.05), migration (P<0.05) and invasion (P<0.05) in A549 cells. These findings suggest that Sema4D might serve as a reliable tool for early prediction of NSCLC poor prognosis. Sema4D could play an important role in promoting tumor proliferation, migration and metastasis in the NSCLC, by influencing the Akt protein phosphorylation. Inhibition of Sema4D may be a useful approach for the treatment of NSCLC.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides self-microemulsifying drug delivery system / 药学学报

The goal of the study is to evaluate the self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) which enhances the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides (TFH). It is orally administered for the protection of human cardiovascular system. Self-microemulsifying time, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphological characterization, in vitro dispersity, stability, in situ intestinal absorption and relative bioavailability were investigated in detail. The TFH-SMEDDS rapidly formed fine oil-in-water microemulsions with 0.1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloride solution, with average size of which was less than 40 nm, PDI was below 0.2, and the particles of which were observed round-shaped under transmission electron microscope. Almost 90% of TFH (expressed with quercetin) was released from SMEDDS within 20 min, which was remarkably higher than that from common capsules. The stability test showed the TFH-SMEDDS maintained stable in 6 months under accelerated condition. In situ absorption study demonstrated the absorption rate constant of TFH-SMEDDS (expressed with quercetin) was significantly higher than that of TFH in ethanolic solution (P < 0.05). The absorption of TFH from SMEDDS showed a 4.18-fold increase in relative bioavailability (expressed with quercetin) compared with that of the suspension. The results suggest that SMEDDS is a promising drug delivery system to increase the oral bioavailability of TFH.

Effect of siRNA for mutant p53 gene on biological behavior of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of silencing the expression of mutant p53 gene with RNA interference technique on biological behavior of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant plasmid of mutant p53 gene-targeting siRNA was transfected into gastric cancer SGC7901 cells by Lipofectamine(TM)2000. The expressions of mutant p53 gene mRNA and protein were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells and changes of Oxaliplatin (OXA) drug sensitivity were detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Changes in cell tumorigenicity ability were analyzed by colony formation assay and xenograft tumor formation in nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of mutant p53 in SGC7901 cells was remarkable suppressed by mutant p53-siRNA. The cell growth curve of the transfected group turned to left compared to untransfected group and control group. The cell number of G(0)/G(1) phase of transfected group was decreased by 7.4% and 6.7% respectively, and that of S phase was increased both by 17.2% compared to control group and untransfected group, and the cell apoptosis rate induced by Oxaliplatin was remarkable decreased. The IC(50) of OXA in untransfected group, control group and transfected group were 15.88 μmol/L, 14.32 μmol/L and 20.34 μmol/L respectively. The colony formation rate and tumorigenicity ability in nude mice of transfected group increased remarkably.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutant p53-siRNA can significantly inhibit the expression of mutant p53 in SGC7901 cells, however, the use of RNA interference targeting mutant p53 gene in the treatment of gastric cancer is still uncertain.</p>

Thermosensitive in situ gel of boanmycin hydrochloride for injection / 药学学报

Poloxamer F127, poloxamer F68 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M were used to prepare the thermosensitive in situ gel of boanmycin hydrochloride for injection. Its gelation temperature, rheological behavior, texture characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro and in vivo drug release were evaluated. These results showed that the formulation was a fluid solution at room temperature, which could become semisolid at the temperature of 37 degrees C, and the thermally induced sol-gel transition allowed to be injectable and in situ setting. The formulation was constructed into a tridimensional network at gelation temperature. The drug release was controlled by the diffusion of the drug and the erosion of the gelmatrix. The pharmacokinetics indicated that the drug could be released slowly for up to 48 hours after subcutaneous administration in rats.

Effect of pinellia extract on HeLa cell line in vitro and associated mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Pinellia extract (PE) on HeLa cell line and to study its associated mechanisms, in order to provide theoretical foundations for its applying in clinical prevention and treatment of cervical disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HeLa cell line was incubated in media containing different concentrations of PE. Growth of cells was observed and photo-generated with inverted phase microscope; cell activity was detected by MTT assay; cell apoptosis detected by flow cytometry, protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immuno-cytochemistry, and protein expression of Bcl-2 was determined by immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PE showed obvious inhibition on the proliferation of HeLa cells, cell apoptosis appeared after PE treatment in a time and dose dependent manner; PCNA and Bcl-2 protein expressions reduced significantly after being effected by PE for 24 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PE can obviously inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells, and its mechanism is possibly realized through down-regulating the expressions of PCNA and Bcl-2. The study set a primary experimental base for further studying the action mechanism of PE and developing new anti-tumor agents.</p>

Relationship between hedgehog signaling pathway molecules and HPV16 infection in uterine cervical cancers / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the significance of sonic hedgehog (Shh), indian hedgehog (Ihh), smoothened (Smo) and patched (Ptch) expressions in uterine cervical lesions and their relationships with HPV type 16 infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 183 cases of cervical lesions, including 32 non-neoplastic cervix, 71 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (28 CINI, 18 CINII, and 25 CINIII) and 80 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were selected from the Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian Women Hospital, and Yanbian Tumor Hospital. Shh, Ihh, Ptch and Smo proteins expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarry platform, and the presence of HPV type 16 was detected by PCR method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemical staining showed that the frequencies of Shh, Ihh, Ptch and Smo expression were rare in normal cervical epithelium, but were strongly expressed in cervical cancer and its precursor lesions (CINII/III) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). In cervical cancer, the expression rate of Shh (95%) was higher than that of CIN (CINI to CINIII) (46.4%, 61.1%, 80.0%, respectively, P < 0.05). HPV16 was positive in 77.5% of SCC. In cervical cancer, the expression of Shh was related with HPV16 infection (P < 0.05), and the expression of Smo was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Shh, Ihh, Ptch, and Smo genes may play important roles in the development of cervical cancer. Detection of Hedgehog signaling pathway molecules seems helpful for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, and are potentially therapeutic targets as well.</p>

[Transplantation of immortalized neural progenitor cells to treat focal cerebral ischemia: experiment with rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of transplantation of immortalized neural progenitor cells (INPCs) into the brain with focal cerebral ischemia and the survival and differentiation thereof. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: INPC group undergoing transplantation of BrdU-labeled INPCs into the penumbra zone in striatum using stereotaxic apparatus 3 days after brain ischemia, and control group undergoing transplantation of PBS. Neurological severity score (NSS) system was used 6 hours, 1 day, and 3 days after MCAO, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks respectively after transplantation. One week after transplantation, 6 animals of each group were randomly chosen and killed with their brains taken out, the rest of the animals were killed four weeks after transplantation. The survival of INPCs in the brain was determined by double immunofluorescent labeling technique with BrdU + NSE or BrdU + GFAP antibody. RESULTS: The NSS values at different time points after transplantation of both groups were all higher than those before MCAO; however, no significant difference in NSS was detected between the two groups. BrdU + GFAP and BrdU + NSE positive astrocytes and neurons were detected in the INPC group by double immunofluorescent labeling technique 1 week and 4 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION: INPC can survive in penumbra zone in rats with focal cerebral ischemia and develop into neurons and astrocytes.

[Effects of different nuclear factor kappaB dimers on the survival of immortalized neural progenitor cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different nuclear factor (NF)-KB dimers on the survival of immortalized neural progenitor cells (INPCs). METHODS: The control vector RC/CMV, containing the promoter of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the expression vectors, RcCMV-p50 and RcCMV-p65, containing the coding regions of NF-KB subunits p50 and p65 genes, were transfected into the INPCs by liposome respectively. Stably transfected clones were screened out following G418 selection. Subsequently, the plasmid RcCMV-p50 was transiently transfected into the INPCs which had been stably transfected with the plasmid RcCMV-p65. The expression of p50 or p65 gene was detected in each cell strain by Western blotting. And the NF-KB DNA binding activity in the cell nuclear extracts was measured by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). The expression of IkappaBalpha in the cytoplasm was detected by Western blotting. After oxygen and glucose deprivation for 13 h, the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: After gene transfection, five different cell strains were obtained: INPC, INPC/CMV, INPC/p50, INPC/p65, and INPC/p50p65. p50 or p65 gene was translated correctly and efficiently in the cell strains which had been transfected with the corresponding plasmids. EMSA showed that the INPC/p50, INPC/p65, and INPC/p50p65 cells all gave rise to NF-kappaB specific bands, which were composed of p50 homodimer, p65 homodimer, and p50 p65 heterodimer and p50 homodimer respectively. The expression of IkappaBbeta was increased significantly in the cytoplasm of the INPC/p65 and INPC/p50p65 cells. Games-Howell test showed that after oxygen and glucose deprivation for 13 h, the survival rates of the NPC/p65 and INPC/p50p65 cells were (6.0 +/- 1.0)% and (4.6 +/- 0.6)% respectively, both significantly lower than those of the INPC, INPC/CMV, and INPC/p50 cells [(72.5 +/- 6.2)%, (70.1 +/- 4.3)%, and (70.4 +/- 7.3)% respectively, all P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of p50 gene and p65 gene directly enhance the DNA binding activities of different NF-kappaB dimers in the nuclei. In neural progenitor cells, NF-kappaB dimers with transcriptive activity decreases the cellular survival after oxygen and glucose deprivation, but NF-kappaB dimers without transcriptive activity don't prevent the cells from death.

Clinical efficacy of Bannaitong Mdicinal Tea combined with azasetron in preventing and treating chemotherapy induced gastrointestinal reaction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Biannaitong Medicinal Tea (BNT) combined with Azasetron in preventing and treating the gastrointestinal reaction induced by chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients underwent chemotherapy with DP regimen (docetaxol + DDP) were randomly assigned to two groups, the treated group and the control group. All patients were given 10 mg Azasetron intravenously 30 min before starting chemotherapy once a day for two successive days, but to patients in the treated group, 300 mL BNT was given orally additionally in the evenings before chemotherapy. The occurrence of adverse reactions, such as antiemetic efficacy constipation, abdominal distention, etc. was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vomiting control rates in the two groups were insignificantly different (87.5% vs 84.4%, P > 0.05), but difference in the complete control rates between them were significant (53.1% vs 43.8% , P < 0.05). And the occurrences of constipation (3.1% vs 59.4%) and abdominal distention (15.6% vs 59.4%) in the two groups were also significantly different (both P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BNT used in coordination with Azasetron for alleviating vomiting could enhance the antiemetic effect, reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy, such as constipation, abdominal distension and anorexia, and thus to increase the compliance of patients.</p>

Synergic effects of synthesis arecoline in combination with snail-killing drugs niclosamide / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prove that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic can increase the effects of snail-killing remarkably.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In indoor immersing experimentation, the experiments were divided into 4 groups, 30 snails in each group, to observe the rate of opening operculum, the rate of climbing adhesion and the rate of death at 3, 6 and 24 hours respectively. In field experimentation, we intermixed 0.1 mg/L Are with 0.2 mg/L Nic as sample as contrasted with 2 mg/L Nic and non-drug group. Immersing method (we chose three slots each size were 10 m x 2 m x 1 m.) and insufflation method (we chose three patch of bottomlands each area were 10 m x 5 m.) were used to kill snails separately and the death rate of fish, at the same time was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the room, as we added 0.1 mg/L Are to the solution of 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L Nic separately, the opening operculum rate for 6 hours was increased from 20% and 12% to 100% and 95%, the climbing adhesion rate for 6 hours decreased from 17% and 53% to 3% and 5%, the death rate for 24 hours increased from 25% and 40% to 90% and 100%. In the field, the snails death rate in sample group and in contrastive group applied with immersing method and insufflation method for 72 hours were 95.9%, 93.3% and 100%, 95.8%; only one small fish (2 cm long) died in sample group, and all fishes died in Nic group, and all fish were alive in non-drug group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It proved that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic might decrease Nic dosage and toxicity and increase the effects of snail-killing.</p>

Observation on therapeutic effect of picking therapy on Graves' disease / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of picking therapy on Graves' disease (GD) and its effects on thyroid function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of GD were randomly divided into a treatment group (pricking therapy group) and a control group (medication group). They were treated respectively with pricking thyroid gland high point or oral administration of tapazole. And changes of total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroxine receptor antibody (TRAb), supersensitive thyrotropin (S-TSH) after treatment were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93.33% in the treatment group and 76.67% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, serum TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4 and S-TSH contents had very significant change in the two groups (P < 0.01), TRAb had very significant change in the treatment group (P < 0.01) and no significant change in the control group (P > 0.05) there were significant differences in decrease of TT3, FT3, TRAb (P < 0.05) and no significant difference in decrease of TT4, FT4 and increase of S-TSH between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pricking therapy has a definite therapeutic effect on Graves' disease, which is carried out through regulating thyroid function.</p>

Comparative study of EEG and CT in early youth with cerebral cysticercosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of EEG and CT in early youth with cerebral cys- ticercosis.Methods The EEG and CT manifestations were studied in 240 early youth with cerebral cysticercosis. Results The abnormal rate of EEG was 86.7 % in children with cysticercosis,which mainly showed the diffuse or focal irregularity complex slow waves in frontal lobe,central lobe and anterior lobe.The abnormal rate of CT was 70.8 % in all patients,and flaky and circular focus were chief manifestations.There was a significant difference be- tween the rates of EEG and CT(P

STUDY ON THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SEVERAL PHARMACEUTICAL PLANTS / 微生物学通报

One hundred and seventy-two strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from Taxus mairei,Cephalotaxus fortunei and Torreya grandis cv.merrillia.The result of the antifungal assay shows that ninety strains of the fungi have antagonism against one or more botanical pathogenic fungi,such as Neurospora sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Fusarium sp.etc.The percentage of antifungal strains to tested strains are as follows:40% Cephalotaxus fortunei,54.2% Taxus mairei,57.1% Torreya grandis cv.merrillia.Thirty-five strains have high antifungal activities,and their inhibition zone diameter is at least 15mm.The active endophytic fungi were identified as 18 genera,most of which belong to Paecilomyces and Fusarium etc.