ABSTRACT
Purpose: Despite numerous advances, survival remains dismal for children and adolescents with poor prognosis cancers or those who relapse or are refractory to first line treatment. There is, therefore, a major unmet need for new drugs. Recent advances in the knowledge of molecular tumor biology open the door to more adapted therapies according to individual alterations. Promising results in the adult anticancer drug development have not yet been translated into clinical practice. We report the activity in early pediatric oncology trials in Spain. Methods: All members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (SEHOP) were contacted to obtain information about early trials open in each center. Results: 22 phase I and II trials were open as of May 2015: 15 for solid tumors (68 %) and 7 for hematological malignancies (32 %). Fourteen (64 %) were industry sponsored. Since 2010, four centers have joined the Innovative Therapies For Children With Cancer, an international consortium whose aim is developing novel therapies for pediatric cancers. A substantial number of studies have opened in these 5 years, improving the portfolio of trials for children. Results of recently closed trials show the contribution of Spanish investigators, the introduction of molecularly targeted agents and their benefits. Conclusions: Clinical trials are the way to evaluate new drugs, avoiding the use of off-label drugs that carry significant risks. The Spanish pediatric oncology community through the SEHOP is committed to develop and participate in collaborative academic trials, to favor the advancement and optimization of existing therapies in pediatric cancer (AU)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Medical Oncology/methods , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Hematologic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Hematologic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Spain/epidemiology , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , Societies, Medical/standards , Pediatrics/methods , Early Termination of Clinical Trials/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Despite numerous advances, survival remains dismal for children and adolescents with poor prognosis cancers or those who relapse or are refractory to first line treatment. There is, therefore, a major unmet need for new drugs. Recent advances in the knowledge of molecular tumor biology open the door to more adapted therapies according to individual alterations. Promising results in the adult anticancer drug development have not yet been translated into clinical practice. We report the activity in early pediatric oncology trials in Spain. METHODS: All members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (SEHOP) were contacted to obtain information about early trials open in each center. RESULTS: 22 phase I and II trials were open as of May 2015: 15 for solid tumors (68 %) and 7 for hematological malignancies (32 %). Fourteen (64 %) were industry sponsored. Since 2010, four centers have joined the Innovative Therapies For Children With Cancer, an international consortium whose aim is developing novel therapies for pediatric cancers. A substantial number of studies have opened in these 5 years, improving the portfolio of trials for children. Results of recently closed trials show the contribution of Spanish investigators, the introduction of molecularly targeted agents and their benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials are the way to evaluate new drugs, avoiding the use of off-label drugs that carry significant risks. The Spanish pediatric oncology community through the SEHOP is committed to develop and participate in collaborative academic trials, to favor the advancement and optimization of existing therapies in pediatric cancer.
Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic , Medical Oncology/trends , Neoplasms/therapy , Pediatrics/trends , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Oncology/methods , Pediatrics/methods , SpainABSTRACT
La metahemoglobina (MHb) es una forma de hemoglobina que presenta el hierro del grupo hem en estado férrico (oxidado), minimizando su captación y transporte de oxígeno. La metahemoglobinemia se produce cuando, por causa genética, los mecanismos redox son insuficientes, o bien si, de forma adquirida, la cantidad de sustancias oxidantes superan los mecanismos redox del hematíe. Presentamos dos casos clínicos, el primero de los cuales es un lactante que, tras una exposición prolongada a una sustancia oxidante (parche de lidocaína-prilocaína [EMLA®]), presenta cianosis con repercusión hemodinámica, niveles elevados de MHb y respuesta al azul de metileno. El segundo caso es el de una niña con cianosis desde el nacimiento, en la que se constató un déficit de citocromo b5 reductasa. Ante un paciente cianótico sin causa infecciosa, respiratoria o cardiológica conocida, y sin respuesta a la oxigenoterapia, es necesario descartar la metahemoglobinemia (AU)
The methemoglobin (MHb) is a form of hemoglobin which shows iron hem in ferric (oxidized), while minimizing its uptake and oxygen transport. Methemoglobinemia occurs when by the genetic cause the redox mechanisms are insufficient or if acquired by the amount of oxidizing substances which exceed the redox mechanism of red blood cells. We present two clinical cases, the first being an infant after prolonged exposure to an oxidizing substance (EMLA® patch) presented with hemodynamic cyanosis, high levels of MHb and response to methylene blue. The second patient was a girl with cyanosis since birth in which there was a deficit of cytochrome b5 reductase. Before acyanotic patient without infectious, respiratory and cardiovascular known cause and without a response to oxygen therapy it is necessary to exclude methemoglobinemia (AU)
