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1.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1354786, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38596680

ABSTRACT

Introduction: With the reopening of schools during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was imperative to understand the role of students and education professionals in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we determined the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in the school community in Campo Grande, the capital and most populous city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and evaluated its association with sex, school level, and school type. Materials and methods: The survey was carried out in 20 public and private schools in the urban region of Campo Grande using the TR DPP® COVID-19 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) kit from the Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021; from March to July 2022; and from August to November 2022. The participants were students aged 6-17 years enrolled in primary or secondary schools and professionals of different ages and roles. Results: During the first testing period, 162 participants were seropositive for the IgM and/or IgG anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% using Bayesian multilevel regression. In the second period, 251 participants were seropositive (estimated seroprevalence, 34.6%), while in the third period, 393 participants were seroconverted (estimated seroprevalence, 56.7%). In 2022, there was an increase in the seroconversion rate compared to that in 2021. The most frequently described acute manifestations in the three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. In terms of the demographic profile, there was no predominance of seropositivity between the sexes, although women represented approximately 70% of the study population. There were also no differences between students and school staff. Discussion: The results made it possible to evaluate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school community through immunity developed against the virus, in addition to providing information about COVID-19 symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Female , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Bayes Theorem , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Antibodies, Viral , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M
2.
Toxicon ; 235: 107305, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37839738

ABSTRACT

Genipa americana is a native plant of Brazil with potential applications in folk medicine. Whereas most of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies on this plant have focused on its fruits, the crude extracts of its leaves contain chemical metabolites that may have toxicity to organisms, which have yet to be investigated. This study aimed to determine the main groups of secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract of the leaves of G. americana by phytochemistry and qualitative HPLC, and to evaluate the possible toxicological effects and histopathological changes caused by this extract in zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults, through micronucleus test, nuclear abnormalities and histopathological analyses of gills and liver. While three metabolites of high intensity (phenolic compounds, flavonoids and triterpenes) were found in the phytochemical evaluation, the HPLC showed results compatible with flavonoids and iridoids, all belonging to common classes for this species and the Rubiaceae family. The acute toxicity test did not induce mortality or genotoxicity in zebrafish, but after exposure for 96 h, it was possible to observe injuries to the fish gill tissue, such as lamellar fusion, vasodilation and telangiectasia; in the liver, necrosis was visualized at 40 mg/L, and at higher concentrations (80 and 100 mg/L) induced sinusoidal widening was identified. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the toxic potential of this plant for aquatic species.


Subject(s)
Rubiaceae , Zebrafish , Animals , Necrosis , Plants , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rubiaceae/chemistry , Flavonoids , Phytochemicals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
3.
J Immunol Methods ; 519: 113489, 2023 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37179011

ABSTRACT

Serological tests developed for COVID-19 diagnostic are based on antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Most of the antigens consist of a fragment or a whole amino acid sequence of the nucleocapsid or spike proteins. We evaluated a chimeric recombinant protein as an antigen in an ELISA test, using the most conserved and hydrophilic portions of the S1-subunit of the S and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. These proteins, individually, indicated a suitable sensitivity of 93.6 and 100% and a specificity of 94.5 and 91.3%, respectively. However, our study with the chimera containing S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the recombinant protein could better balance both the sensitivity (95.7%) and the specificity (95.5%) of the serological assay when comparing with the ELISA test using the antigens N and S1, individually. Accordingly, the chimera showed a high area under the ROC curve of 0.98 (CI 95% 0.958-1). Thus, our chimeric approach could be used to assess the natural exposure against SARS-CoV-2 virus over time, however, other tests will be necessary to better understand the behaviour of the chimera in samples from people with different vaccination doses and/or infected with different variants of the virus.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/diagnosis , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Antibodies, Viral , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Recombinant Proteins , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Porto Alegre; Editora Rede Unida; maio. 2023. 123 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437751

ABSTRACT

O E-book apresentado é um compilado interdisciplinar de trabalhos escritos por pesquisadores dedicados e comprometidos com a sociedade e com os diversos entes governamentais do estado na linha de frente do combate ao Coronavírus. Os dois primeiros capítulos são dedicados a Inquéritos sorológicos levados a cabo nos municípios de Campo Grande e Corumbá, fruto dos trabalhos de coleta, testagem e genotipagem realizados pela equipe de pesquisadores e técnicos da FIOCRUZ-MS. A coordenação de educação da FIOCRUZ-MS também teve papel fundamental neste esforço conjunto, o livro segue apresentando alguns dos trabalhos de pesquisa realizados por estes pós-graduandos. Mantendo o foco ainda nos efeitos da pandemia sobre os profissionais da saúde, o capítulo sétimo trata exatamente dos Transtornos mentais comuns e insegurança dos profissionais da saúde em tempos de pandemia. Finalizando este livro trazemos uma reflexão sobre Sindemia da covid-19 e sofrimento social entre os povos indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Primary Health Care , Public Health
5.
Porto Alegre; Editora Rede Unida; 20220325. 166 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379103

ABSTRACT

Há mais de uma década a Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul consolida atividades de educação, pesquisa e desenvolvimento em áreas temáticas como Meio Ambiente e Saúde; Biodiversidade e cadeias produtivas; Agravos transmissíveis e não transmissíveis de importância para o Mato Grosso do Sul e Região Centro-Oeste; Saúde das populações indígenas; Saúde das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade; Educação, informação e comunicação em Saúde, com entregas significativas para a população sul-mato-grossense e brasileira. Este livro busca fazer um registro e disseminar algumas iniciativas e estudos desenvolvidos por seus pesquisadores e parceiros, nas diversas áreas, em âmbito local, regional e nacional, em prol do fortalecimento das políticas públicas, em especial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A obra está organizada em 3 partes e os capítulos demonstram as contribuições e o potencial da Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul na produção do conhecimento em consonância com a sua missão institucional.


Subject(s)
Health Education , Delivery of Health Care , Health Communication , Public Policy , Unified Health System , Environmental Health , Health of Indigenous Peoples
6.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 105: 1311-1317, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30021368

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants are an alternative for the treatment of infected wounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sebastiania hispida in an animal model with a wound infected by Staphylococcus aureus. The crude ethanol extract (ExtEtOH) of S. hispida underwent phytochemical analysis, quantification of metabolites and antibacterial activity analysis performed using S. aureus. Wistar rats were used to test healing activity, and the groups evaluated comprised gels of ExtEtOH at the concentrations 0.2 and 2% compared with control groups. Animals were inoculated with the bacteria S. aureus resistant to methicillin. The treatment periods were of 3 and 21 days. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were conducted and data were submitted to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Phytochemical and quantification analysis indicated that phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the major constituents, followed by tyterpenes. ExtEtOH 0.2% was the most effective gel against the growth of strains of S. aureus. Histological wound and regression analysis showed that ExtEtOH gels (0.2% and 2%) were similar and effective in promoting wound healing. In the quantification of collagen fibers, the animals from all groups showed a high amount of thick collagen fibers. Thus, ExtEtOH gels based on the shoots of S. hispida can be used for the treatment of infected wounds as a complementary therapy for infected wound closure and further assays are required with other means. The healing effectiveness may be due to the high content of phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenes.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Euphorbiaceae/chemistry , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Animals , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Male , Methicillin/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Phytotherapy/methods , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Wound Healing/drug effects
7.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-162

ABSTRACT

A iniciativa de se implantar programas, nos moldes deste Curso de Especialização ­ "Atenção Básica em Saúde da Família - Módulo: Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no SUS"- PNPIC, para conhecer, identificar e caracterizar um modelo de atenção primária que contemple sistemas médicos complexos e alternativos e recursos terapêuticos que representem mecanismos naturais de prevenção de doenças e manutenção de saúde, utilizando tecnologias padronizadas, signifi ca no mínimo, para a comunidade/sociedade, a possibilidade de promover a inserção de uma prática louvável no contexto da Saúde Pública.


Subject(s)
Policy , Health Policy
8.
Rev. adm. pública ; 40(3): 457-478, maio-jun. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-442034

ABSTRACT

As atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) realizadas nos institutos públicos de pesquisa (IPPs) têm como característica uma gestão arraigada nas premissas acadêmicas, que priorizam a geração e difusão do conhecimento. Em contrapartida, a necessidade de competitividade tecnológica no mercado e a pressão pela participação, como instrumentos da política pública do esforço nacional rumo à inovação, têm pressionado os IPPs para a busca por resultados mais concretos. Esse fato acarreta a geração de grandes lacunas nos processos relacionados à gestão, induzindo a uma constante necessidade de aperfeiçoamento gerencial, no sentido de criar e melhorar ferramentas que contribuam para adequá-la à nova realidade. Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de gestão de projetos de P&D, que se baseia no direcionamento dos projetos de pesquisa para a obtenção de produtos, e considera suas características multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares e a incerteza inerentes a esse processo. Essa metodologia foi desenvolvida no Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos da Fiocruz e é proposta como um modelo original para instituições semelhantes.


Subject(s)
Methods , Organization and Administration , Research Design
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