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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36078505

ABSTRACT

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder with a wide range of symptomatology. Existing instruments for its assessment have only a few items for each factor. The Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET) has been created to cover all depression symptoms at different times (month, year, and always) with several items for each facet. The content validity of this instrument has been judged by experts and, in this paper, we analyse its factorial structure and make a network analysis of it. The test (196 items) was administered to 602 adults without psychological disorders (Mage = 24.7, SD = 8.38, 72% women) both online and on paper. A network was estimated for each time point, using the absolute minimum selection and shrinkage operator. From the factor analysis, 12 factors were established for month, 11 for year, and 10 for always, leaving 94 items. The network analysis showed that the facets of depressive mood, anhedonia, and thoughts of Death, are central to all the estimated networks. The DCET is proposed as a valid and reliable multifactorial instrument to detect the variability of depressive symptoms in adults, guaranteeing its diagnostic usefulness.


Subject(s)
Affect , Depression , Adult , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Young Adult
2.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 22(2): 100292, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35572073

ABSTRACT

Background/Objective: The evaluation of depression requires valid and reliable measuring instruments, which collect a wide spectrum of symptoms that this disorder displays, in order to carry out an accurate and differential diagnosis. The objective of this work is the construction of the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET), where affective, somatic, cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal symptoms are considered and also analyze its content validity through an expert judgment. Method: Based on different diagnostic and manual classifications, a specification table for a depression test was established. In its evaluation, 16 experts in Psychological Assessment, Psychometry and/or Psychopathology participated. A total of 300 items were created. The experts had to assess the items according to the criteria of Content, Relevance, Clarity, Comprehension, Sensitivity, and Offensiveness. In addition, 50 adults, evaluated the compression of the items. Results: The degree of understanding for all the items was high and the expert judgment favoured the suppression of 104 items, thus obtaining a shorter measuring instrument with a total of 196 items for ease of application. Conclusions: The content validity of the test is adequate and fits the agreed definition of depression.


Antecedentes: La evaluación de la depresión requiere de instrumentos de medida válidos, fiables y que recojan el amplio espectro de síntomas que este trastorno conlleva, para poder llevar a cabo un diagnóstico certero y diferencial. El objetivo de este trabajo es la construcción del Test de Evaluación Clínica de la Depresión (TECD), que contempla síntomas afectivos, somáticos, cognitivos, conductuales e interpersonales, y analizar su validez de contenido a través de un juicio de expertos. Método: A partir de diferentes clasificaciones diagnósticas y manuales se estableció la tabla de especificación del test para este cuestionario de depresión. En la evaluación de este participaron 16 expertos en Evaluación Psicológica, Psicometría y/o Psicopatología. Se crearon 300 ítems en total, que los expertos tuvieron que valorar atendiendo a los criterios de Contenido, Relevancia, Claridad, Comprensión, Sensitividad y Ofensividad. Además, 50 adultos, valoraron la compresión de los items. Resultados: El grado de comprensión de todos los ítems fue elevado y el juicio de expertos supuso la supresión de 104 ítems, obteniendo así un instrumento de medida más breve, con 196 ítems en total, lo que facilitará su aplicación. Conclusiones: La validez de contenido del test es adecuada y se adapta a la definición de depresión establecida.

3.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 22(2): 1-8, may-aug. 2022. tab
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203408

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground/Objective: The evaluation of depression requires valid and reliable measuring instruments, which collect a wide spectrum of symptoms that this disorder displays, in order to carry out an accurate and differential diagnosis. The objective of this work is the construction of the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET), where affective, somatic, cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal symptoms are considered and also analyze its content validity through an expert judgment. Method: Based on different diagnostic and manual classifications, a specification table for a depression test was established. In its evaluation, 16 experts in psychological evaluation, psychometry and/or psychopathology participated. A total of 300 items were created. The experts had to assess the items according to the criteria of Content, Relevance, Clarity, Comprehension, Sensitivity and Offensiveness. In addition, 50 adults, evaluated the compression of the items. Results: The degree of understanding for all the items was high and the expert judgment favoured the suppression of 104 items, thus obtaining a shorter measuring instrument with a total of 196 items for ease of application. Conclusions: The content validity of the test is adequate and fits the agreed definition of depression.


Antecedentes La evaluación de la depresión requiere de instrumentos de medida válidos, fiables y que recojan el amplio espectro de síntomas que este trastorno conlleva, para poder llevar a cabo un diagnóstico certero y diferencial. El objetivo de este trabajo es la construcción del Test de Evaluación Clínica de la Depresión (TECD), que contempla síntomas afectivos, somáticos, cognitivos, conductuales e interpersonales, y analizar su validez de contenido a través de un juicio de expertos. Método A partir de diferentes clasificaciones diagnósticas y manuales se estableció la tabla de especificación del test para este cuestionario de depresión. En la evaluación de este participaron 16 expertos en Evaluación Psicológica, Psicometría y/o Psicopatología. Se crearon 300 ítems en total, que los expertos tuvieron que valorar atendiendo a los criterios de Contenido, Relevancia, Claridad, Comprensión, Sensitividad y Ofensividad. Además, 50 adultos, valoraron la compresión de los items. Resultados El grado de comprensión de todos los ítems fue elevado y el juicio de expertos supuso la supresión de 104 ítems, obteniendo así un instrumento de medida más breve, con 196 ítems en total, lo que facilitará su aplicación. Conclusiones La validez de contenido del test es adecuada y se adapta a la definición de depresión establecida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Depression , Surveys and Questionnaires , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychopathology , Affective Symptoms
4.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 32(4): 476-489, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-201321

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression is a disorder that is highly prevalent nowadays. Within the dimensional explanatory model of depression, the State/Trait Depression Inventory was developed. Its objective is to identify the degree of affectation (state) and the frequency of occurrence (trait) of the affective component of depression. The instrument has proven reliable and comprises two factors in its structure: state and trait, with two euthymia and dysthymia subscales in each one. The objective of this meta-analysis is to find an average alpha for the questionnaire. METHOD: A bibliographical search was conducted on Web of Science and Scopus. Forty-five articles were selected. RESULTS: The alpha ranges from .84 to .89 for all factorizations, and in most studies a bifactorial structure of state and trait depression was found. CONCLUSIONS: The State/Trait Depression Inventory is a reliable and suitable instrument for measuring depression


ANTECEDENTES: la depresión es un trastorno de alta prevalencia en la actualidad. Dentro del modelo explicativo dimensional de la depresión, se desarrolló el Inventario de Depresión Estado/Rasgo, cuyo objetivo es identificar el grado de afectación (estado) y la frecuencia de ocurrencia (rasgo) del componente afectivo de la depresión. Este instrumento ha demostrado ser fiable y poseer dos factores en su estructura: estado y rasgo con dos subescalas eutimia y distimia en cada uno. El objetivo de este meta-análisis es hallar un alfa medio de las puntuaciones cuestionario. MÉTODO: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Web of Science y Scopus. Se seleccionaron 45 artículos. RESULTADOS: el alfa oscila entre 0,84 y 0,89 para todas las factorizaciones, y en la mayoría de los estudios se halló una estructura bifactorial de depresión estado y rasgo. CONCLUSIONES: el Inventario de Depresión Estado/Rasgo es un instrumento fiable y adecuado para medir la depresión


Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Dysthymic Disorder/epidemiology , Psychometrics/methods , Depression/diagnosis , Affect , Dysthymic Disorder/psychology , Analysis of Variance
5.
Psicothema ; 32(4): 476-489, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33073753

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression is a disorder that is highly prevalent nowadays. Within the dimensional explanatory model of depression, the State/Trait Depression Inventory was developed. Its objective is to identify the degree of affectation (state) and the frequency of occurrence (trait) of the affective component of depression. The instrument has proven reliable and comprises two factors in its structure: state and trait, with two euthymia and dysthymia subscales in each one. The objective of this meta-analysis is to find an average alpha for the questionnaire. METHOD: A bibliographical search was conducted on Web of Science and Scopus. Forty-five articles were selected. RESULTS: The alpha ranges from .84 to .89 for all factorizations, and in most studies a bifactorial structure of state and trait depression was found. CONCLUSIONS: The State/Trait Depression Inventory is a reliable and suitable instrument for measuring depression.


Subject(s)
Depression , Dysthymic Disorder , Depression/diagnosis , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 19(3): 243-250, sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-184971

ABSTRACT

Background/Objective: Depressive disorders have a high prevalence around the world. They present a great comorbidity with other disorders like anxiety, thereby making a differential diagnosis very difficult. The Basic Depression Questionnaire was designed to palliate this issue by isolating specific depression symptoms. Our aim is to study the reliability, factorial structure, and differential item functioning of this questionnaire. Method: The sample consisted of 1,397 adults without psychological problems (Mage=29.76, SD=11.25, 64.78% women) who completed the CBD. Results: We observed that none of the items presented differential functioning. A monofactorial structure was established. In this model a good fit was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis and a strict invariance by sex. The ordinal alpha was used to check the reliability and it fetched an index of .95. Conclusions: The Basic Depression Questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties. The absence of differential item functioning and the invariance by sex are guarantees of an adequate use to diagnose depression for men and women. So, its clinical use can help to differentiate between the specific diagnoses for depressive disorders and anxiety disorders


Antecedentes/Objetivo: Los trastornos depresivos tienen una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial. Presentan una gran comorbilidad con otros trastornos como la ansiedad, lo que hace muy difícil su diagnóstico diferencial. El Cuestionario Básico de Depresión (CBD) fue diseñado para aislar los síntomas específicos de la depresión y así paliar este problema. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la fiabilidad, la estructura factorial y el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems del CBD. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta de 1.397 adultos sin problemas psicológicos (64,78% mujeres, Medad=29,76, DT=11,25) a los que se le administró el CBD. Resultados:Se observó que ninguno de los ítems presentaba funcionamiento diferencial. Se obtuvo una estructura monofactorial. En dicho modelo se obtuvo un buen ajuste mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y una invarianza estricta por sexo. Se usó el alfa ordinal para comprobar la fiabilidad, obteniendo un índice de 0,95. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario Básico de Depresión tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. La ausencia de funcionamiento diferencial del ítem y la invarianza por sexo son garantías de un adecuado uso para diagnosticar depresión en hombres y mujeres. Por ello, su uso clínico puede ayudar al diagnóstico específico de trastornos depresivos frente a trastornos de ansiedad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Depression/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
7.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 19(3): 243-250, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33767735

ABSTRACT

Depressive disorders have a high prevalence around the world. They present a great comorbidity with other disorders like anxiety, thereby making a differential diagnosis very difficult. The Basic Depression Questionnaire was designed to palliate this issue by isolating specific depression symptoms. Our aim is to study the reliability, factorial structure, and differential item functioning of this questionnaire. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1,397 adults without psychological problems (M age  = 29.76, SD = 11.25, 64.78% women) who completed the CBD. RESULTS: We observed that none of the items presented differential functioning. A monofactorial structure was established. In this model a good fit was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis and a strict invariance by sex. The ordinal alpha was used to check the reliability and it fetched an index of .95. CONCLUSIONS: The Basic Depression Questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties. The absence of differential item functioning and the invariance by sex are guarantees of an adequate use to diagnose depression for men and women. So, its clinical use can help to differentiate between the specific diagnoses for depressive disorders and anxiety disorders.


Los trastornos depresivos tienen una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial. Presentan una gran comorbilidad con otros trastornos como la ansiedad, lo que hace muy difícil su diagnóstico diferencial. El Cuestionario Básico de Depresión (CBD) fue diseñado para aislar los síntomas específicos de la depresión y así paliar este problema. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la fiabilidad, la estructura factorial y el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems del CBD. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta de 1.397 adultos sin problemas psicológicos (64,78% mujeres, M edad  = 29,76, DT = 11,25) a los que se le administró el CBD. Resultados:Se observó que ninguno de los ítems presentaba funcionamiento diferencial. Se obtuvo una estructura monofactorial. En dicho modelo se obtuvo un buen ajuste mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y una invarianza estricta por sexo. Se usó el alfa ordinal para comprobar la fiabilidad, obteniendo un índice de 0,95. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario Básico de Depresión tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. La ausencia de funcionamiento diferencial del ítem y la invarianza por sexo son garantías de un adecuado uso para diagnosticar depresión en hombres y mujeres. Por ello, su uso clínico puede ayudar al diagnóstico específico de trastornos depresivos frente a trastornos de ansiedad.

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