Eco-friendly particleboard production from coconut waste valorization.

Reusing agro-industrial waste does not only help to mitigate environmental impact but also enables valorization through the development of new products. The aim is to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels produced with Eucalyptus wood and different proportions of waste products-coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera L.). Physical properties (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (static bending and internal bond resistance) were assessed, and panels reinforced with coconut fiber showed the best qualities with higher density, greater dimensional stability, and less water absorption. Static bending resistance and internal bond resistance also increased significantly. This demonstrated the potential of achieving compatible characteristics for civil construction and furniture production through the inclusion of waste material. The impact of this research is obtained from the utilization of an important agro-industrial residue in the manufacture of permanent composites.

Substitution of urea-formaldehyde by renewable phenolic compound for environmentally appropriate production of particleboards.

In recent years, research has been conducted in search of alternative adhesives that are less harmful to human health and the environment. Cardanol derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) has attracted considerable attention due to its chemical and specific characteristics (antioxidant activity, flame resistance, and hydrophobicity). In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboards using cardanol instead of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Different percentages of cardanol were used (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) in which its physicochemical properties were evaluated. The panels were produced with particles of Pinus oocarpa and nominal density of 0.75 g/cm3, their physical and mechanical properties were evaluated, wood-adhesive interface evaluation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the combustibility test. It is concluded that the maximum replacement of UF by cardanol is 5%, since, in this situation, the mentioned properties reach the established norms for the commercialization of the boards.

Potential destination of Brazilian cocoa agro-industrial wastes for production of materials with high added value.

This research proposed to investigate a possible destination for the cocoa waste as component in the core layer of Medium Density Particleboards (MDPs) and to evaluate the effect of the waste insertion on the physical-mechanical properties of the panel. The core layers of the MDPs were composed by different percentages of cocoa wastes (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in combination with pine wood. The targeted density of the panels was pre-established in 0.7 g cm-3, bonded with urea-formaldehyde. The cocoa waste showed higher extractives content (34.8%) when compared with the pine wood (4.0%). The inclusion of the waste did not cause a significant difference in the moisture and bulk density of the panels; however, there was an increase in water absorption 24 h (71-105%) and thickness swelling 24 h (13-35%). Despite the values of the mechanical properties decreased in general, in low percentages, the cocoa waste does not prevent the use of the MDPs as furniture for internal environments. The results show that the cocoa waste has potential for being applied as raw material in the core layer of the MDP, in percentages up to 21%. The lignocellulosic wastes are promising alternatives for the achievement of the required current context of the sustainability and should be highlighted with research focused on their management for the development of added value materials.

Eucalyptus wood and coffee parchment for particleboard production: Physical and mechanical properties / Madeira de eucalipto e pergaminho de café na produção de aglomerados: Propriedades físicas e mecânicas

ABSTRACT The wood panel industry is constantly growing, being necessary the innovation in technologies and raw materials to improve the quality of the final product. Considering the shortage and pressure to decrease the dependence of wood, there is an interest in other renewable materials such as agricultural wastes. Among these wastes, coffee parchment is one which deserves notoriety. An alternative use for coffee parchment could be for production of particleboard in association with wood particles. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee parchment for production of particleboard. The following percentages of wastes were used: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% in association to eucalyptus wood. The panels were produced with 8% of urea formaldehyde (based on dry weight of particles). The pressing cycle consisted by: pre-pressing of 0.5 MPa for 10 minutes followed by pressing of 4.0 MPa, and temperature of 160° C for 15 minutes. The compaction ratio of particleboards produced using higher quantities of parchment improved the physical properties. The properties of Water Absorption (2 and 24 h) and Thickness Swelling (2 h) decreased with increasing percentage of coffee parchment. The Thickness Swelling (24 h) showed not significant effect with an increase of coffee waste. The Modulus of Elasticity for coffee parchment particleboards was in the range 646.49 ± 112.65 to 402.03 ± 66.24 MPa, while the Modulus of Rupture ranged from 8.18 ± 1.39 to 4.45 ± 0.75 MPa. The results showed that 10% of coffee parchment could be added for production of particleboards.

RESUMO A indústria de painéis de madeira vem em constante crescimento, sendo necessária a inovação em tecnologias e matéria-prima para melhorar a qualidade do produto final. Considerando a escassez e pressão na diminuição da dependência por madeira, existe um interesse em outros materiais renováveis, como os resíduos agrícolas. Entre esses resíduos, o pergaminho de café merece destaque. Uma alternativa para utilização do pergaminho de café poderia ser na produção de particulados, em associação com partículas de madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade de utilização do pergaminho de café para produção de aglomerados. As porcentagens de resíduo utilizadas foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50% em associação com madeira de eucalipto. Os painéis foram produzidos com 8% de uréia-formaldeído (base massa seca de partículas). O ciclo de prensagem consistiu de: pré-prensagem de 0,5 MPa por 10 minutos, seguido por prensagem de 4,0 MPa e temperatura de 160° C por 15 minutos. A razão de compactação dos painéis produzidos com maiores quantidades de pergaminho melhorou as propriedades físicas. As propriedades de absorção de água (2 e 24 h) e inchamento em espessura (2 h) diminuíram com o aumento da porcentagem de pergaminho de café. O inchamento em espessura (24 h) não apresentou diferenças significativas com o aumento de resíduo de café. O Módulo de Elasticidade dos painéis variou de 646,49 ± 112,65 até 402,03 ± 66,24 MPa, enquanto o Módulo de Ruptura variou de 8,18 ± 1,39 até 4,45 ± 0,75 MPa. Os resultados mostraram que até 10% de pergaminho de café poderia ser adicionados para a produção de painéis aglomerados.

Efeito da incorporação de casca de café nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake / Effect of the incorporation of coffee husks on the physico-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake particleboards

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência da incorporação de casca de café nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis aglomerados produzidos com Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. Os painéis foram produzidos com incorporação de 25, 50 e 75 por cento de casca de café, em três teores da resina fenol-formaldeído (6, 9 e 12 por cento) e 1 por cento de parafina. A densidade nominal dos painéis foi de 0,7 g/cm³ e o ciclo de prensagem compreendeu uma pressão de 3,92 MPa e temperatura de 180ºC por 8 minutos. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível observar que: as propriedades físicas dos painéis aglomerados apresentam relação linear decrescente com o aumento do teor de resina, e crescente com a porcentagem de casca de café, apresentando maiores valores de absorção de água e inchamento em espessura. As propriedades mecânicas apresentam relação linear crescente com o aumento do teor de resina, e decrescente com a porcentagem de associação de casca de café. Do modo que a pesquisa foi conduzida, a incorporação da casca de café prejudica a qualidade dos painéis produzidos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of Coffee husks in the production of particleboard with Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. The panels were produced incorporating 25 percent, 50 percent, and 75 percent of Coffee husks at three levels of resin phenol-formaldehyde (6, 9 and 12 percent) and 1 percent of paraffin. The nominal density of the panels was 0.7 g/cm³ and the cycle of pressing consisted in a pressure of 3.92 MPa under a temperature of 180°C for 8 minutes. By the results it was possible to observe that the physical properties of the particleboard have a linear relationship decreasing with the increase in the level of resin, and increasing with the increase in the percentage of coffee husks, showing higher values of water absorption and thickness swelling. The mechanical properties show a linear relationship growing with the increase of resin level, and decreasing with a reduction the percentage of coffee husk association. The way that the search was conducted, the incorporation of the Coffee husks harms the quality of the panels produced.