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Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell malignant disorder.The treatment efficiency and overall survival rate of MM patients were significantly improved by the application of targeted therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Meanwhile, the demands for newly diagnosis technologies and laboratory examination methods are required. Especially for those methods with higher sensitivity and specificity that could fit for the precise evaluation of treatment and prognosis. This review outlines the guidelines and clinical testing approaches for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluations of multiple myeloma.
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BACKGROUND:Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial lining layer are related to the cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis as well as bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE:To compare the migration and invasion abilities of FLS (MH7A) in rheumatoid arthritis and normal FLS (HFLS). METHODS:The capacities of cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell cell migration and invasion assays. The primers of the indicated microRNAs were designed and synthesized, and the expression levels of miRNAs were determined by real-time PCR according to the SYBR?PrimeScript?miRNA RT-PCR Kit instruction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MH7A possessed stronger migration and invasion abilities than HFLS. Compared with HFLS, obviously upregulated miR-132, -155, -203, -223 and -124, and significantly downregulated miR-15a, -16, 18a, -19a, -26a and -146a were found in MH7A. These findings suggest that the differentially expressed 11 kinds of rheumatoid arthritis-associated miRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis probably by enhancing the migration and invasion capacities of MH7A.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of capecitabine combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy( IMRT)for postoperative mediastinal lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 62 esophageal cancer patients with postoperative mediastinal lymph node metastases were randomly divided into the irradiation group(A group,31 cases)and the capecitabine combined with IMRT group( B group,31 cases). Both of two groups received IMRT radiotherapy with a total dose of 60-66 Gy, 30-33 times in 6-6. 5 weeks. The patients in B group were treated with capecitabine(1 250mg/ m2 ,2 f/ d, d1-d14,21 d × 2 cycle). Results Group A:there were 7 cases of complete response(CR),12 of partial response(PR),10 of stable disease(SD),and 2 of progressive disease(PD);the effective rate was 61. 3%(19 / 31). Group B:there were 10 cases of CR,16 of PR,4 of SD,and 1of PD;the effective rate was 83. 9%(26 / 31). There was a statistical significance between the effective rates of A group and B group(χ2 = 3. 971, P < 0. 05). Our experiment showed that the rates of grade Ⅱand Ⅲ myelosuppression in group A and group B were 29. 0% and 38. 7%(χ2 = 0. 648,P = 0. 421). The rates of Ⅰ and Ⅱ level radioactive pneumonia in group A and were 19. 4% and 25. 8%(χ2 = 0. 369,P = 0. 544). The different incidence of the two adverse reactions between group A and B had no statistical significance. Conclusion Compared with IMRT alone,IM-RT combined with capecitabine may have better curative efficacy without increasing toxicity to esophageal cancer patients with postoperative mediastinum lymphonode metastasis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the common reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy in order to improve the result of treatment and obtain a dry ear.@*METHOD@#Twenty-eight cases, who achieved no dry ear after radical mastoidectomy,underwent secondary surgery.@*RESULT@#All cases obtained dry ear without vertigo or facial paralysis after operation and postoperative dressing.@*CONCLUSION@#The reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy result from the incomplete clearance of lesions, the insufficient ventilation of mastoid cavities, the inappropriate postoperative dressings or the residual foreign bodies in surgical cavity. It is the key points to achieve skeletonization adequately, to eliminate the pathological tissues thoroughly under microscope, and to ensure unobstructed drainage of surgical cavities for preventing secondary surgery.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear , General Surgery , Mastoid , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the common reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy in order to improve the result of treatment and obtain a dry ear.Method:Twenty-eight cases,who achieved no dry ear after radical mastoidectomy,underwent secondary surgery.Result:All cases obtained dry ear without vertigo or facial paralysis after operation and postoperative dressing.Conclusion:The reasons for the failure of radical mastoidectomy result from the incomplete clearance of lesions, the insufficient ventilation of mastoid cavities, the inappropriate postoperative dressings or the residual foreign bodies in surgical cavity.It is the key points to achieve skeletonization adequately, to eliminate the pathological tissues thoroughly under microscope, and to ensure unobstructed drainage of surgical cavities for preventing secondary surgery.
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BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that the increase of reproductive activity and self-repair capacity of brain endogenous neural cells might be a valuable method to treat ischemia-hypoxia brain damage. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells and brain functional reconstruction in newborn rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage.METHODS: Newborn rats aged 7 days were prepared for hypoxia-ischemia brain damage models. From the second day of model induction, rats in the laser treatment group were subjected to He-Ne laser irradiation. Acupuncture point included Baihui (DU20) on the median parietal bone, and Dazhui (GV14) between the C7 and T1 and the median back. After the second course, the learning and memory ability of rats were tested by Y-type maze test. Then brain hippocampal sections were made and underwent immunohistochemistry for nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the laser treatment group, the ability of learning and memory were obviously higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05), however, compared with the sham-operated group, the difference was not obviously (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, nestin expression in the dentate gyrus was significantly increased in the model and laser treatment groups (P < 0.05), and the increased range was greater in the laser treatment group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Microtubule-associated protein-2 expression was widely distributed in the cerebral cortex, and darkly stained brown dendrite presented with radiation-shape. Neurons in the hippocampal pyramid and dentate gyrus granular cell layer arranged regularly. Positively stained dendrite presented branch-shape and distributed in the molecular layer. No significant difference was determined between the sham-operated and laser treatment groups. But the microtubule-associated protein-2 expression was significantly weakened in the model group. He-Ne laser irradiation can promote proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage, induce its differentiation into neurons, thus, achieves reconstruction of learning and memory functions.
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Rosmarinic acid, which is reported to have adstringent, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant activities, is one of the most prominent secondary compounds in Coleus blumei (Lamiaceae). Rosmarinic acid (RA) production in different hybrids of C. blumei was estimated by HPLC. Conditions for HPLC were as follows: column, 150 x 4.6 mm; solvent system, methanol -0.1% phosphate (45 : 55); flow rate, 0.9 mL/min; detection: 325 nm. Two out of four hybrids of C. blumei (hy1; hy2) contain better rosmarinic acid production (0.9 and 1.0% dry weight, respectively) and the leaves have the highest rosmarinic acid production, followed by stems and roots. The hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) gene expression levels were analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Hy3 shows highest level of HPPR gene expression out of four hybrids on genotype-specific patterns, and stems represent the highest level of HPPR gene expression among leaves, roots and stems. This was probably a result of the fact that the RA biosynthetic pathway was regulated by interactions of several enzymes necessary for biosynthesis. The explants from the hy1 leaves were used in subsequent studies on the effect of different growth regulators (2.0 mg L(-1) 6-benzyl-aminopurine (6-BA), different 2,4-dichlorophenxyaretic acid (2,4-D) and alpha-naphthaleneacetic (NAA) concentrations) and sucrose contents (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6%) on culture growth and rosmarinic acid accumulation. On the effect of different growth regulators, the best result is obtained when the B5-medium supplemented is with 2.0 mg L(-1) 6-BA, 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA, 0.8 mg L(-1) 2,4-D and 2% sugar, and solidified with 0.8% agar. In this case, both growth index and rosmarinic acid accumulation reach a maximum, which is 49.7 and 25.3% (dry weight), respectively. The optimal medium for suspension culture growth contains 2.0 mg L(-1) 6-BA, 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA, 0.8 mg L(-1) 2,4-D, 600 mg L(-1) inositel and 2% sugar, and the rosmarinic acid production is 1.7% (dry weight). The rosmarinic acid accumulation is enhanced by the sucrose concentrations. When the sucrose content is 6%, the calli and cell culture accumulate 33.7% (dry weight) and 10.1% (dry weight) rosmarinic acid, respectively. Higher sucrose content (>or=5%) has a negative influence on culture growth. B5-medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L(-1) 6-BA, 0.5 mg L(-1) NAA, 0.8 mg L(-1) 2,4-D, 4% sugar and 0.8% agar is best for both culture growth and rosmarinic acid accumulation. On the basis of the above results, we can establish a two-phase culture system by calli of C. blumei for the biosynthesis of RA. In the growth phase, the calli grow well, but with lower RA production in a modified B5-1A medium with 2% sucrose. The calli are then subcultured to B5-1A medium with 6% sucrose where the calli start to accumulate RA, but grow slowly.
