ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review of the scales and instruments used to assess the risk of developing a pressure ulcer (RPU) in the adult and elderly population and to analyze whether these scales meet the criteria of validity and reliability. To determine whether a specific scale has been developed for use in the domiciliary care setting and adapted to the Spanish environment. METHOD: We performed a descriptive study with a search of the CUIDEN, IME, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases between January 1990 and December 2005. A specifically-designed form was used to register the variables. Data extraction was performed by a single person. The key words used were pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, pressure sore, risk evaluation scales, validity, sensitivity, specificity and reliability and their equivalents in Spanish. RESULTS: Complete descriptions of 22 instruments and studies of the validity and/or reliability of 15 instruments were found. CONCLUSIONS: At present, and based on the results of this review, the RPU scale that has shown the greatest validity and reliability is the Braden-Bergstrom scale.
Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Surveys and Questionnaires , Aged , HumansABSTRACT
Objetivo. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los instrumentos y las escalas de valoración del riesgo de presentar úlceras por presión (EVRUPP) que se utilizan en población adulta y personas mayores, para analizar el cumplimiento de criterios de validez y fiabilidad. Conocer si hay alguna EVRUPP desarrollada para su uso en el ámbito de la atención domiciliaria y adaptada al contexto español. Método. Estudio descriptivo: se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos CUIDEN, IME, CINAHL y MEDLINE entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 2005. El instrumento utilizado para el registro de las variables fue una hoja diseñada para tal efecto. La extracción de los datos la realizó una sola persona. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: úlceras por presión, úlcera por decúbito, lesiones por presión, escalas de valoración del riesgo, validación, sensibilidad, especificidad y fiabilidad y sus equivalentes en inglés. Resultados. Se han encontrado descripciones completas acerca de 22 instrumentos y estudios de validez y/o fiabilidad de 15 instrumentos. Conclusiones. En estos momentos y según los resultados de esta revisión, la EVRUPP que ha demostrado una mayor validez y fiabilidad es la escala de Braden-Bergstrom
Objective. To perform a literature review of the scales and instruments used to assess the risk of developing a pressure ulcer (RPU) in the adult and elderly population and to analyze whether these scales meet the criteria of validity and reliability. To determine whether a specific scale has been developed for use in the domiciliary care setting and adapted to the Spanish environment. Method. We performed a descriptive study with a search of the CUIDEN, IME, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases between January 1990 and December 2005. A specifically-designed form was used to register the variables. Data extraction was performed by a single person. The key words used were pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, pressure sore, risk evaluation scales, validity, sensitivity, specificity and reliability and their equivalents in Spanish. Results. Complete descriptions of 22 instruments and studies of the validity and/or reliability of 15 instruments were found. Conclusions. At present, and based on the results of this review, the RPU scale that has shown the greatest validity and reliability is the Braden-Bergstrom scale
