ABSTRACT
Introduction: The treatment of COVID-19 is still challenge. So convalescent plasma can be an important alternative of treatment. Protocols with nursing care during infusion is very important to guide an effective and safety care. Objective: to analyze the evidence in the literature on the action of convalescent plasma, of the use of protocols with nursing care to use convalescent plasma and build a nursing care protocol for transfusion in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Methodological study carried out in two stages: scoping review. The search was done using the descriptors: convalescent plasma transfusion, convalescent plasma, and acute respiratory syndromes or COVID-19, to found protocols and effectiveness of convalescent plasm. Beside was done a specialist panel to build the protocol. Results: Low-evidence studies have shown improvement in the clinical signs of COVID-19 using Convalescent Plasma, reduction or elimination of viral load, benefits in the production of lymphocytes, decreases C-reactive protein, increases titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, positive evolution in lung involvement identified by X-rays, decrease in hospitalization. No studies were found in the databases on the protocol for clinical nursing care in plasma transfusion. Therefore, a protocol was developed with the description of clinical nursing care to be performed before, during and after the transfusion by plasma: checking of vital signs and indicative signs of transfusion reaction, measurement of oxygen saturation, assessment of venous access and checking of the level of consciousness. Conclusion: There are no evidence studies to support the use of plasma, nor anything related to bundles.
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ABSTRACT Objetive To analyze the epidemiological data and the main government measures adopted against the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Epidemiologic study built with data from the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS) and the official Government of Canada website in a time frame from January to July 2020. Results Toronto presents the first case of COVID 19 on January 23rd and until July 1st, 2020, it records a number of 14 468 cases, 12.574 recovered cases, 1.100 deaths and 171 institutional outbreaks. About 53,04% of the cases were female, aged 40-59 years (29,81%), followed by 20-39 years (28,37%). Contagion forms were analyzed: 56,40% had close contact with a case, 24,23% in the community, 10,30% in health services, 5,58% while traveling and 3,49% in institutions. Economic and financial actions, travel measures, support for Canadians abroad, public education, research and technology were developed. Conclusion The COVID-19 is a serious threat to public health around the world. Canada has a strong history of pandemic planning and has worked together with public health for its developed actions to become adaptable based on evolution, outbreak containment and prevention of further spread.
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los datos epidemiológicos y las principales medidas gubernamentales adoptadas contra la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico construido con datos del Sistema de Información de Salud Pública integrado (iPHIS) y el sitio web oficial del Gobierno de Canadá en un período de tiempo de enero a julio de 2020. Resultados Toronto presentó el primer caso de COVID-19 el 23 de enero y hasta el 1 de julio de 2020 registró 14 468 casos; 12 574 casos recuperados, 1 100 muertes y 171 brotes institucionales. Aproximadamente el 53,04% de los casos fueron de mujeres entre los 40 y 59 años (29,81%), seguidas de las de 20 a 39 años (28,37%). Se analizaron formas de contagio: 56,40% tuvo contacto cercano con un caso, 24,23% en la comunidad; 10,30%, en servicios de salud; 5,58%, en viajes, y 3,49% en instituciones. Se desarrollaron acciones económicas y financieras, medidas de viaje, apoyo a los canadienses en el exterior, educación pública, investigación y tecnología. Conclusión El COVID-19 es una grave amenaza para la salud pública en todo el mundo. Canadá tiene una sólida historia de planificación para pandemias y ha trabajado junto con la salud pública para que sus acciones desarrolladas se vuelvan adaptables en función de la evolución, la contención de brotes y la prevención de una mayor propagación.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: A úlcera venosa é uma lesão cutânea que afeta o terço inferior das pernas, representando cerca de 70 porcento a 90 porcento dos casos de úlceras nos membros inferiores. Objetivo: Identificar os principais diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem em pacientes ambulatoriais com úlcera venosa, de acordo com as classificações NANDA-I, NOC e NIC. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados no ambulatório de feridas de um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, entre abril e maio de 2015. A população foi de 302 pacientes e a amostra composta por 20 pacientes com úlcera venosa. Para nortear a etapa de coleta de dados, foi adotado um protocolo validado por especialistas composto por três sessões. Resultados: Foram encontrados 18 diagnósticos / resultados de enfermagem, com destaque para "Integridade tissular prejudicada / cicatrização de feridas: 2ª intenção" (100 porcento) e "Perfusão tissular periférica ineficaz / integridade tissular" (100 porcento), além de 45 atividades. Conclusão: A identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem direciona o processo de assistência, favorece o planejamento de resultados e intervenções específicas e individualizadas que suprem as necessidades humanas afetadas desses individuos(AU)
Introducción: La úlcera venosa es una lesión cutánea que afecta el tercio inferior de las piernas, representando alrededor del 70 por ciento al 90 por ciento de los casos de úlceras en los miembros inferiores. Objetivo: Identificar los principales diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes ambulatorios con úlcera venosa, de acuerdo con las clasificaciones NANDA-I, NOC y NIC. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recogidos en el ambulatorio de heridas de un Hospital Universitario de Río de Janeiro, entre abril y mayo de 2015. La población era de 302 pacientes y la muestra fue constituida por 20 pacientes con úlcera venosa. Para orientar la etapa de recolección de datos, se adoptó un protocolo ya validado por expertos compuesto por tres sesiones. Resultados: Se encontraron 18 diagnósticos de enfermería / resultados de enfermería, destacándose: "Integridad tisular perjudicada / cicatrización de heridas: 2ª intención" (100 por ciento) y "Perfusión tisular periférica ineficaz / integridad tisular" (100 por ciento), así como 45 actividades. Conclusión: La identificación de los diagnósticos de enfermería dirige el proceso de cuidado del enfermero, favorece la planificación de los resultados e intervenciones específicas e individualizadas que suplen las necesidades humanas afectadas de estos individuos(AU)
Introduction: A venous ulcer is a skin lesion that affects the lower third of the legs, accounting for about 70-90 percent of cases of ulcers in the lower limbs. Objective: To identify the main nursing interventions, diagnoses, and results in outpatients with venous ulcers, according to the NANDA-I, NOC and NIC classifications. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional research, with a quantitative approach. The data were collected at the wound outpatient clinic of a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, between April and May 2015. The population was 302 patients and the sample consisted of 20 patients with venous ulcers. To guide the data collection stage, we adopted a protocol already validated by experts and consisting of three sessions. Results: 18 nursing diagnoses/nursing results were found; the significant ones were impaired tissue integrity/wound healing (second intention) (100 percent) and ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion/tissue integrity (100 percent), as well as 45 activities. Conclusion: The identification of nursing diagnoses directs the nursing care process, ad favors the planning of results and specific and individualized interventions that meet the affected human needs of these individuals(AU)
