The connectivity indices concept of neutrosophic graph and their application of computer network, highway system and transport network flow.

To address information ambiguities, this study suggests using neutrosophic sets as a tactical tool. Three membership functions (called T r , I n , and F i ) that indicate an object's degree of truth, indeterminacy, and false membership constitute the neutrosophic set. It becomes clear that the neutrosophic connectivity index (CIN) is an essential tool for solving practical problems, especially those involving traffic network flow. To capture uncertainties, neutrosophic graphs are used to represent knowledge at different membership levels. Two types of C I N s , mean CIN and CIN, are investigated within the framework of neutrosophic graphs. In the context of neutrosophic diagrams, certain node types-such as neutrosophic neutral nodes, neutrosophic connectivity reducing nodes (NCRN) , and neutrosophic graph connectivity enhancing nodes (NCEN) , play important roles. We concentrate on two types of networks, specifically traffic network flow, to illustrate the real-world uses of CIN. By comparing results, one can see how junction removal affects network connectivity using metrics like Connectivity Indexes (CIN) and Average Connectivity Indexes (ACIN) . A few nodes in particular, designated by ACIN as Non-Critical Removal Nodes ( N C R N s ) , show promise for increases in average connectivity following removal. To fully comprehend traffic network dynamics and make the best decisions, it is crucial to take into account both ACIN and CIN insights. This is because different junctions have different effects on average and overall connectivity metrics.

Synthesis and characterization of porous reduced graphene oxide based geopolymeric membrane with titanium dioxide coating for forward osmosis application.

Forward Osmosis (FO) is a promising separation technology with a wide range of applications in water and wastewater treatment. FO membrane is the core of the forward osmosis process. Recently, the organic membrane has been widely used for forward osmosis applications even though inorganic membrane has excellent mechanical properties, decent chemical resistance, high durability, high porosity, and good hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, the utilization of inorganic membrane is hindered by the heat-intensive steps involved in its fabrication and the use of expensive source material. Geopolymerization provides a cost-effective technique for the preparation of inorganic membranes because of its sintering-free steps and utilization of fly ash as source material. Herein, we present a sintering-free, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective synthesis of geopolymeric membrane for application in forward osmosis. Fly ash was mixed with alkaline activator solution and porous reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) to prepare geopolymer slurry. The hydrogen peroxide and egg albumen were used as foaming agent and surfactant, while the membrane surface was coated with titanium dioxide to enhance the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface. The PRGO content improved the mechanical properties of the geopolymeric membrane. The average maximum flux recorded was 21 L/m2 h with geopolymer substrate having a pore size of 1.8 µm and hydrophilic coated layer pore size of 0.25 µm. The varying concentrations of PRGO control the substrate's mechanical properties and pore size, as well as provide new insights for future studies. These preliminary results show that low-cost geopolymer material is a promising candidate for FO membrane fabrication.

Loss of Function Variants in the XPC Causes Severe Xeroderma Pigmentosum in Three Large Consanguineous Families.

BACKGROUND: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in eight genes, of which seven are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been reported to cause the XP. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three large consanguineous families of Pakistani origin displaying typical clinical hallmarks of XP were evaluated at clinical and molecular level. Homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers established linkage of the families to XPC gene on chromosome 3p25.1. Sanger sequencing of the XPC gene identified a novel homozygous single bp deletion [NM_004628.5; c.1934del; p.(Pro645Leufs*5)] and two previously reported mutations that included a nonsense [c.1243 C>T; p.(Arg415*)] and a splice acceptor site (c.2251-1 G>C), all segregating with the disease phenotypes in the families. CONCLUSION: This report has extended the spectrum of mutations in the XPC gene and will also facilitate in diagnosis of XP and counselling of families inheriting it, which is the only inevitable tool for preventing the disease occurrence in future generations.

Nano architectured cues as sustainable membranes for ultrafiltration in blood hemodialysis.

Membranes with zeolites are encouraging for performing blood dialysis because zeolites can eliminate uremic toxins through molecular sieving. Although the addition of various pore-gen and adsorbent in the membrane can certainly impact the membrane production along with creatinine adsorption, however, it is not directed which pore-gen along with zeolite leads to better performance. The research was aimed at reducing the adsorption of protein-bound and uremic toxins by using mordenite zeolite as an adsorbent while polyethylene glycol and cellulose acetate as a pore generating agent. Membranes were cast by a phase-inversion technique which is cheap and easy to handle as compared to the electro-spinning technique. Through this strategy, the ability to adsorb creatinine and solute rejection percentage were measured and compared against the pristine PSU, when only PEG was used as a pore-modifier and when PEG along with CA was used as a pore-modifier along with a different concentration of zeolite. The experiments revealed that PEG membranes can give a better solute rejection percentage (93%) but with a low creatinine adsorption capacity that is 7654 µg/g and low bio-compatibility (PRT 392 s, HR 0.46%). However, PEG/CA membranes give maximum creatinine adsorption that is 9643 µg/g and also better bio-compatibility (PRT 490 s, HR 0.37%) but with a low BSA rejection (72%) as compared to the pristine PSU and PEG membranes. The present study finds that the concentration of mordenite zeolite affects the membrane performance because its entrapment and large pore size of the membrane decreases solute rejection but increases creatinine uptake level along with the better bio-compatibility.